مطالب

Objective:After nearly three decades since the formation of the Council for the Islamicization of Universities, it is necessary to examine the policy of Islamicization of universities from various angles and dimensions. In this regard, the research question is: what theoretical and practical challenges does the policy of Islamicization of universities face in Iran?Method: To answer this question, qualitative analysis and content analysis of available sources, especially the views of policymakers and experts in this field, have been used, and the necessary investigation has been conducted by analyzing the themes of these views.Results:After nearly three decades since the formation of the Council for the Islamicization of Universities, it is necessary to examine the policy of Islamicization of universities from various angles and dimensions. The research hypothesis is that "the lack of a common understanding of the necessity and possibility of religious science and the Islamic university and its negative policy consequences, the accumulation of policies and the multiplicity and overlap of the duties of decision-making institutions in the matter of Islamicization of universities, the abstract nature of executive assignments, the weak communication between policymakers and stakeholders and actors at the operational level, and the lack of an efficient mechanism for monitoring and evaluating the policy of Islamicization" are among the most important theoretical and practical challenges of the policy of Islamicization of universities.Conclusion: The results indicate that stakeholders do not have adequate participation in decision-making related to this policy. Furthermore, five different institutions are responsible for guiding and overseeing the implementation of the policies, which this institutional multiplicity and policy density creates problems. It is also unclear exactly what guidance and oversight each of these institutions should provide. In reality, there is no clear distinction between the different natures of oversight, for example, macro oversight, executive oversight, etc. At the level of monitoring and evaluation, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, the Council for the Islamization of Universities, and the Steering Committee for the Comprehensive Scientific Map of the Country have not yet published any monitoring reports or evaluations of the policies for the Islamization of universities. This approach prevents the strengths and weaknesses from being revealed and hinders the possibility of benefiting from the corrective suggestions of researchers and scholars.

Although instructional strategies, obstacles, solutions, and technologies designed to assist students with special educational needs (SEN) learning a foreign language were much discussed both in special and inclusive schools, little evidence addresses how English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers construct their identities as legitimate inclusive school practitioners as they witnessed and encountered a range of disabilities. To fill this void, this study reports on a narrative inquiry scrutinizing how Indonesian inclusive EFL teachers construct their identity in teaching 15 students with SEN. Drawing upon Johnston's framework of teacher identity, this study showcases how inclusive EFL teachers cultivated a positive rapport with students with SEN through the utilization of a personal approach and the incorporation of humor in teacher-student relation. Regarding professionalism, they perceived it as service-oriented by consistently motivating all of their students, particularly those with SEN, exhibited tolerance for the regular ones, and implemented co-education or peer-mediated instruction strategies. In light of teachers’ religious beliefs in English language teaching (ELT), they accomplished well by embedding numerous character values, referred to as profile pelajar pancasila, in English classrooms. The implications of this study are to bring potential implementations of specialized teaching strategies training of professional development for inclusive EFL teachers and differentiated assessment for students with SEN.

INTRODUCTION: Given the increasing natural hazards, there is an increasing emphasis on innovative disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives aimed at increasing resilience and recognizing women as key stakeholders in all disaster management activities, although their role remains limited for unclear reasons. Since understanding gender issues and their impact in shaping people's lives is crucial in disaster risk reduction, this study seeks to examine the effective role of women's participation in disaster risk reduction. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical and library study, factors such as women's empowerment, increasing participation in decision-making levels, improving access to resources and information, and changing traditional attitudes that play a role in reducing women's vulnerability were examined. The necessary data were collected by reviewing relevant parameters in reputable articles, reports and books. The statistical population includes women from disaster-prone countries such as Tamil Nadu (India), Bangladesh, Nepal, Tashkent (Uzbekistan), Ethiopia and other countries. FINDINGS: The findings indicate that women’s vulnerability to disasters is a combination of biological, social, cultural, economic and political factors, and that traditional caregiving roles, gender discrimination and inequalities in access to resources, information and decision-making increase their vulnerability. In addition, disasters impose more severe psychological, social and economic consequences on women. CONCLUSION: According to the results, due to unequal social and cultural structures, women are more vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters. Therefore, disaster management policies and actions must be gender-sensitive. Empowering women, promoting their participation in decision-making, improving their access to resources and information, and changing traditional attitudes can reduce the impact of crises on women and increase the overall resilience of society.

INTRODUCTION: Well-established guidelines and standards are essential for effective disaster management and relief operations. The aim of this study was to review the existing documentation in Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies regarding disaster relief guidelines. METHODS: This narrative review was conducted using a documentary research method in 2023. In order to find articles related to standardization of relief and recommendations, extensive searches were conducted in relevant databases, with a special emphasis on the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) database. The identified documents were analyzed using document analysis and classification techniques. FINDINGS: The most important point in the IFRC review was that the guidelines are divided into two parts: general and specific. It is not necessary to use general guidelines, but specific guidelines are important. IFRC guidelines are usually developed in cooperation with the 190 member states. However, it is recommended that each country adapt these guidelines to its own specific circumstances. CONCLUSION: The results showed that when it comes to specialist areas such as housing and aid workers safety, IFRC recommendations are a valuable resource for countries when developing and updating national disaster relief protocols. While the IFRC principles provide a useful starting point, their successful use requires careful review and modification to meet the unique local conditions and requirements of each country.

Two policies of carbon tax are considered by many countries for reduce carbon emissions. First policy emphasized on tax and second policy notice subsidy for carbon emission control. The results show that according to conditions, two policies can effective on reducing carbon emissions and technology development. A carbon tax Policy is needed to reduce carbon emissions in logistics systems. The purpose of this paper is to present effect of carbon tax policies for logistics in Iran pulp and paper industry. The research method is descriptive and data collection is survey, Samples consists two groups. The first group are experts for proposing possible Policy and deter-mining evaluation indices and selecting the appropriate Policy. The second group are managers in pulp and paper company for choose an appropriate Policy. Effect of factors on carbon tax was determined by experts’ interviews and fuzzy mean. Two suitable policies that covers the fossil fuels, were selected for simulation by VENSIM software. We considered 10 years for test and 10 years for simulation. Results showed both policies affect pollution reduction, reducing the fossil fuels consumption, reduction of emissions and increase innovation in the logistics system. The second policy that is carrying out carbon tax is more effective than the first policy which paying subsidies to reduce emissions.

In recent decades, language educators have taken advantage of technological advancements in the language classroom, and L2 learners have voiced their interests, concerns, and preferences about those technological advancements. The current investigation was designed to find out the attitudes of Iranian intermediate IELTS candidates towards using digital multimodal composing (DMC) and massive online open courses (MOOC) in their speaking classes. To achieve this aim, a sample of 60 male and female EFL learners at the intermediate level were selected based on volunteer sampling procedures. Subsequently, the participants were assigned to the two conditions of DMC and MOOC. The two groups were exposed to the same instructional materials, with the difference being that in DMC, the learners had to produce videos during the course and post them on the Flip platform for their peers and teacher to review and comment. They then could use the feedback to make corrections/revisions; in the MOOC condition, the learners signed up for an IELTS course on futurelearn.com and received video presentations, pdf articles, and quizzes, and they were asked to leave comments or react to each other's' comments during the course. Each group received a researcher-made attitude questionnaire at the end of the course and expressed their opinions about the treatment they were exposed to. Not surprisingly, both groups welcomed the use of DMC and MOOC and had positive attitudes towards incorporating such techniques into speaking courses. Based on these findings, this study presents a discussion of certain pedagogical implications.

Human rights, grounded in the protection of human dignity, have a normative nature transformed the traditional structure of citizenship rights. This transformation has extended citizenship rights into the realm of international law. Consequently, citizenship rights and their associated concepts are now defined more by universal human rights laws than by the national interests of states. This process suggests that human rights serve as a primary principle, governing over citizenship rights. It also implies that, through developments in the theoretical foundations of citizenship, there may be a need to revise state constitutions or demand narrow or broad interpretations of constitutional laws. The procedures of the International Court of Justice, including its efforts to redefine nationality and citizenship and to identify the customary law of international law in terms of human rights requirements, reflect this transformation. Accordingly, the traditional definitions of citizenship and related concepts, such as nationality, are evolving, highlighting the need for new interpretations. A reinterpretation of citizenship rights, informed by human rights values, suggests a shift in the legal principles that govern the traditional perspective on citizenship.

This study aims to develop a working capital management model for companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The proposed model determines the expected level of working capital for a company, enabling it to create the highest possible value. Additionally, this model can be used to assess the efficiency of working capital management. The discrepancy between the actual level of working capital and the expected level serves as an indicator of inefficiency in working capital management. Initially, based on theoretical foundations and expert opinions, 28 variables affecting working capital were selected. Then, using the operational working capital index, the research models were estimated using multiple regression and genetic algorithm techniques for data from 156 companies over the period from 2011 to 2022. Influential variables were identified and filtered. Finally, suitable working capital management models were identified based on two criteria: (1) the strong correlation between the errors of the fitted models and the working capital efficiency of the company, and (2) the model’s accuracy in identifying companies prone to excess or shortage of working capital. In total, after estimating 119 different models using regression and genetic algorithm methods, four suitable working capital management models were determined. The regression method resulted in models with an average accuracy of 77.27% and 79.54% for the dependent variable of working capital and the cash conversion cycle, respectively. The genetic algorithm method resulted in models with an average accuracy of 89.03% and 82.08%. The final model, with the cash conversion cycle as the dependent variable, was identified as the best model. It includes the variables of the previous year's cash conversion cycle, company-specific risk, gross profit margin, trade credit, growth opportunities, operating cycle, economic policy uncertainty, and exchange rate changes.