مطالب

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the individual entrepreneurial components of students from the perspective of university lecturers. Methodology: The present study is based on a data-base research method that was conducted through interviews with 12 experts including a combination of university professors and members of the profession including various professional disciplines using purposive sampling method. selected. Data categorization, interviews were analyzed based on the first two stages of the three-stage Strauss and Corbin system, namely open and axial coding and categorical coding. Subcategories and categories were obtained and finally They were divided into main categories that are more general and conceptual. After collecting the questionnaires, 50 raw data were identified which converted this raw data into 17 common codes and 17 common codes were presented in 9 classification concepts, then 9 concepts were classified into 4 categories. In this study, the main variables extracted from the data and their subcategories were investigated. Findings: Data content analysis resulted in the extraction of 4 main themes (subcategories) and 9 sub-themes (concepts) as follows: Creativity with sub-themes: desire for innovation and initiative and fluidity; meta-cognitive beliefs with Sub-themes: Tolerance of ambiguity and flexibility; Self-esteem with sub-themes: Self-esteem and self-assurance; Sub-themes of thinking style: General and partial thinking. Conclusion: The increasing importance of entrepreneurship education and its ability to improve economic growth and job opportunities is evident in some universities at both academic and non-academic levels.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of leadership style on innovation according to the mediating role of commitment and organizational climate. Methodology: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the Tax Administration of Iran. Using Cochran formula and stepwise cluster random sampling, 752 individuals were considered as the sample size. Data were collected using standardized and transformational leadership questionnaires by Bass & Avilio (2000); organizational commitment by Meyer & Allen (1997); Holpin & Croft (2000); After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, percent, frequency and table using SPSS software and statistical inference was made by structural equation modeling using lisrel software. Path coefficients and software significant coefficients were used to investigate the research hypotheses. Findings: The results showed that the degree of fit of the proposed model was appropriate according to the research components; transformational leadership on innovation with mediator role of organizational commitment was 0.90, transformational leadership on innovation with mediator role of organizational commitment. 0.82, pragmatic leadership influenced innovation with mediator role of organizational commitment 0.99, also pragmatic leadership influenced innovation with mediator role 0.71. Conclusion: Managers can increase employees' organizational commitment by adopting transformational leadership style or a combination of transformational and pragmatic leadership style rather than pragmatic style.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to present a model of the effect of social intelligence on teachers' quality of life by explaining the role of risk management. The research method was mixed and implemented with two types of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Methodology: The present study was a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) analysis. The statistical population of the present study included all teachers of North Khorasan province in the academic year of 2018-19. Based on this, 10 of them were selected with the criteria of over 15 years’ experience in educational management and doctorate level and were selected as the sample of the study. The statistical population was 13,800 in the North Khorasan Province Education Department. The statistical sample of the study was 400 people using quantitative Morgan table. In the qualitative part of the study, interview questions were formulated and 10 in-depth expert interviews were conducted with educational experts in the field of educational management. Then, using qualitative theme analysis, the main concepts of index extraction and coding were performed. In the quantitative part of the research, the effect of social intelligence on teacher quality of life was explained by explaining the role of risk management by using interpretive structural modeling method. Findings: The findings of the present study showed that "social intelligence" had an impact on "quality of life" and also social health mediated the relationship between social intelligence and quality of life. Conclusion: Teachers with high social intelligence establish very good social relationships with influential and important people, and this is precisely why their risk-taking on different subject’s increases.

Purpose: The present study was designed and validated the Entrepreneurial Skills Model in Saze Gostar Saipa Industrial Company. Methodology: The research method was purpose-based, applied-fundamental; in terms of data type, mixed (qualitative-quantitative), of exploratory type; it was survey-based on data collection method. Statistical population in the qualitative section was academic and industrial experts including senior managers of Sazeh Gostar Saipa Industrial Company. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the study included all employees of Saze Gostar Saipa Industrial Company. Using Cochran formula, 309 persons were selected using multi-stage sampling. In this research, library method, semi-structured interview (qualitative section) and researcher-made questionnaire (quantitative section) were used for data collection. Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data of the research and in the quantitative part descriptive and inferential statistical methods (structural equation modeling, exploratory factor analysis and single sample t-test) were used. Findings: The findings showed that entrepreneurial skills include technical, managerial, interpersonal, interpersonal, applied and critical thinking skills. The model presented in the present study was also well-fitted. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it can be acknowledged that in order to acquire entrepreneurial skills in Saze Gostar Saipa Industrial Company, it is necessary to pay attention to the technical, communication and thinking skills of the employees and to train them.

The holy Quran has put “calling people to do good deeds” [or calling people to an act of benevolence] besides and prior to “commanding rightand forbidding wrong”, [or commanding beneficence and forbidding maleficence]. However in many interpretive and jurisprudential books, no sufficient effort has been made to elaborate the difference features between these two and their results, whose  manifestation is observed in indifference attitude  of legislative system to determine the limits, terms and qualities of ‘ call people to do good deeds”, despite the emphasize of the Eight Principle of the Constitution. Exploring the mentioned sources, this paper is an attempt to deal with the concept, dimensions and examples of “call people to do good deeds” such as propagation, teaching and advice which both have originally a basic role in cultural policy-making and institutionalization in the country and also due to paving ground for the fulfillment of “commanding rightand forbidding wrong” is of great significance. Then, it will clarify the distinctive points between these two hypotheses, so that the way to determine  the base and policy  will be cemented for the institutions with common functions (such as IRIB and supervising institutions such as Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution) or specific of one of these two ( such as Law Enforcement and Assembly of Experts). Moreover, it will help with the preparation of grounds for the next researches on basic and performance pathological study of these institutions and policy-making on this issue as well.

The developments in the contemporary world, particularly the revolutions, coups and wars, have led to development of many theories about social movements. One of the methods used in social movements to bring about sociopolitical change is nonviolence. Nonviolent method of struggle was theorized by Gene Sharp, who collected and introduced 198 methods of nonviolent actions, protest and persuasion. The present paper is an attempt to study Imam Khomeini’s approach to political struggle against the Shah’s regime. The focus of this paper is analysis of methods used by Imam Khomeini in his struggles until the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The main question of this paper is: What was Imam Khomeini’s approach to violence and nonviolence in his political struggles against the Shah’s regime? The hypothesis formulated based on the above question is as follows: In Imam Khomeini’s approach, ends do not justify the means, hence, he used many nonviolent methods and did not preach or use violence in the course of his struggles. Documental method has been employed for the purpose of this research. The Findings of this paper indicate that Imam Khomeini’s approach to political struggle was nonviolent and based on Islamic teachings, mainly employing "persuasion" and "nonviolent protests." The findings also indicate that these techniques are among the 198 techniques collected by Gene Sharp.