درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Cigarette smoking annually threatens the health of thousands and causes the deaths of its consumers and even their neighbors, mainly due to the dumping of carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide by smoke. In addition, nicotine in person's cigarette smoke also causes psychological disorders (such as anxiety and depression) that are added to physical symptoms. Methodology: These issues are the main motivation for health professionals to find an effective way to quit smoking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback training on reducing depression, anxiety and temptation in cigarette smoking in Isfahan smoker’s volunteers. In this study, the sample size was 30, and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 subjects. The 42-item questionnaire of the DASS questionnaire was used to measure the depression and anxiety of the two groups in the pre-test and post-test phases, and the Fagerstrom test was used to assess the nicotine dependence of the subjects in the post-test pretest. Findings: The experimental group received 15 sessions of neurofeedback training. Each session included 20 minutes of practice. This tutorial was conducted with the help of the DeyMed device and TruScan software to amplify the alpha wave amplitude in F3-F4 and Fz-Pz areas, and the theatrical wave suppression. Discussion: The data were analyzed using SPSS software using covariance analysis method. The results showed that the effectiveness of the neurofeedback exercises on reducing the anxiety, depression and temptation of smoking in the experimental group was.

Purpose: The present study aimed to analyze the content of new primary school Farsi writing books in Iran considering the components of social competence. Methodology: The research method is a combination of descriptive survey and quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research included 150 experts of Educational Sciences and the content of six course books of Farsi writing books of the primary school. Therefore, sampling method in this study was census method. The data collection tools in a study were a questionnaire and data record checklist. The validity of the tools was evaluated and confirmed by referring to the experts and correlation test was used to test the validity of questionnaire tools and determination coefficient was used in order to assess the validity of the data record checklist. The correlation coefficient was calculated as 0.82 and determination coefficient was calculated as 0.78 showing high reliability for the research tools. Findings: In this investigation, one main question and five detailed questions were asked. In the answer to the first detailed question, a component of skills the familiarity with which is the need of primary school students was determined by asking the experts and the factor analysis. Based on four skills by Felner and the affirmed components for primary school students and content of books, the rest of the questions were analyzed and the results of the analysis were studied with the help of frequency descriptive statistics and percentage. The results of response to the first question of research showed that 30.87% of the content of primary school Farsi writing textbooks in Iran has discussed social competence component that is a relatively good deal. But the disadvantage of the imbalance is for the emphasis on four skills of social competence that exists in all textbooks. Discussion: The entire content of the books more emphasizes on cognitive skills and less emphasis is on the emotional skills.

The horse especially those in black or white assume a much enigmatic stance in the Iranian culture and as we know, color plays the role of the decoder to a great number of concepts in legends. The black color represents often mourning and darkness. In Europe, the black color is viwed negatively. A person wearing black, or a black snake both are deemed as icons which represent dark and hopelessness. The dead are celebrated in black atmosphere within the church. Black, as opposed to white, was normally regarded as Ahriman and the forces related to him such as falsification, wickedness and evil throughout the ancient Iranian legends. From the very beginning of the "Legend of Creation", Ahura Mazda is in the bright Upper-World whereas Ahriman resides in the dark Lower-World. Nonetheless, in the same culture, black enjoys aspects of positive connotation such as in the black horses of the Kings in the Shahnameh which would signify their power. The color of the horse is often proportionate to the character of its rider in so far as the horses of heroes such as Kay Khosrow and Siyavosh are black ones too. Conversely, white in most cultures particularly in the Iranian one, is included within the colors which enjoy positive connotation notwithstanding a few exceptions. Among them, white horses and black ones have variant and significant stances and roles in the Persian Literature and Culture. The present article aims at a comparative study of the "black' and "white" horses in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi.