درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Macroeconomic factors significantly influence a country's economy and financial markets, thereby playing a pivotal role in the development of financial products. The PESTEL framework serves as a comprehensive analytical tool to examine the impact of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors in identifying opportunities and threats for financial product development. This study utilizes the PESTEL model to analyze the impact of macroeconomic factors on the evolution of financial products and explores the associated opportunities and challenges. The research investigates macroeconomic factors such as interest rates, inflation, economic growth, political stability, societal changes, technological advancements, growing environmental consciousness, and regulatory frameworks. Data were collected from reliable secondary sources and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings indicate that political stability and government support for financial innovation can foster the development of new products. Conversely, political instability and unexpected regulatory changes pose significant threatsto financial firms. Economic conditions like interestrates and economic growth exert a substantial influence on market demand and access to capital. The results suggest that lower interest rates and economic growth create favorable opportunities for financial product development.Furthermore, evolving consumer needs and preferences, coupled with technological advancements, particularly in fintech, are transforming financial processes and customer experiences, enhancing efficiency, and improving customer satisfaction. Additionally, the increasing focus on environmental issues has driven demand for green and sustainable financial products. This research recommends that financial managers and policymakers analyze and understand these factors tocapitalize on emerging opportunities and mitigate risks by adapting to environmental and technological changes. Future research can delve deeper into the intricate relationships between these factors through a more international perspective

The COVID-19 epidemic had a significant impact on both India and the rest of the world. The manufacturing and selling processes have been delayed due to the Covid-19 epidemic’s quick spread. Many sectors are now searching for a suitable and efficient disruption recovery strategy to assist in their recovery. Thus, the goal of this essay is to create a workable model that takes the Covid-19 pandemic’s many elements into account. This study proposes an inventory model while taking into account an interruption in demand. In this model, the FIFO policy is used to analyze effect of degradation. It has been suggested that a two-parametric Weibull distribution would accurately reflect the actual issues brought on by degradation. A two-warehouse system’s total cost will be as low as possible during the lock-down period, according to the research. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was utilized to assess the behavior of the models

The value of a company is important to shareholders, investors, managers, creditors, and other stakeholders in their assessment of the company's future, its impact on the estimation of investment risk and returns, and stock prices. Therefore, examining the factors affecting a company's value is crucial. Intellectual capital, as a determinant in creating competitive advantage and value, plays a special role and is considered as an intangible asset of companies. Theoretical background and empirical evidence suggest that intellectual capital has a direct impact on a company's value and performance. Moreover, the need for corporate governance arises from the potential conflict of interest between individuals within the company's structure, which can affect its value. As banks’ shares play an important role in the Tehran Stock Exchange, we examine the impact of intellectual capital and good corporate governance on bank value, with the mediating effect of financial performance. The statistical population of this study includes 17 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period from 2017 to 2021. The results indicated that intellectual capital has a significant effect, while corporate governance does not have a significant effect on bank value. Additionally, the mediating effect of financial performance on the relationship between intellectual capital and bank value is accepted based on the Baron and Kenny method for mediation. The findings also show that the mediating effect of financial performance on the relationship between good corporate governance and bank value is confirmed according to the Zhao et al. procedure. Moreover, the results indicated that adding another independent variable relatively increases the explanatory power of the model.