درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper examines the non-linear relationship between CO2 emissions and economic development using an innovative dynamic panel threshold technique. The sample consists of 35 developed countries over the period 2003-2010. The empirical results indicate that there is a threshold effect in the relationship between economic growth and pollutant emissions as suggested by the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). In particular, at the early stage of economic development below the estimated threshold value, more growth deteriorates the environmental problems. However, after this threshold value further growth serves as a solution to the environmental problems. Accordingly, promoting economic growth and becoming rich in the long run, is necessary to solve the environmental problems arising from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the short run and in the early stage of economic growth, focus on investments in environmentally friendly technology and on the use of renewable energy is necessary for mitigating the pollution effects of economic progress.

Financial sanctions have many economic consequences for the oil exporting economies. The sanctioned economy adopts economic policies to deal with it. This paper examines the relationship between financial sanctions, oil revenues and monetary and fiscal policies in Iran and explicates how financial sanctions have affected Iran's access to oil revenues. It also examines the role of fiscal and monetary policies in financial stability and resilience in Iran's economy. To this end, we employed a DSGE model with the new Keynesian approach. The results indicate that the interest rate, consumption, imports and inflation have a positive reaction to the oil revenue shock resulting from financial sanctions. However, the production, export, private sector investment and oil sales indicate a negative reaction to the oil revenues’ shock. Regarding the monetary policy shock, the reaction of production and consumption to the shock is positive. However, the reaction of oil sales and interest rate to this shock is negative. In terms of financial policy shock, production, consumption, investment and export indicated a positive reaction to this shock. However, the interest rate, imports and oil sales indicated a negative reaction to the fiscal policy shock. Monetary and fiscal policy shocks increase the effect of financial sanctions for a short period, while monetary policy shock has reduced the effect of financial sanctions for three periods. Therefore, monetary policy has been more effective than fiscal policy in reducing the effect of financial sanctions.

In today's rapidly advancing electronics industry, the widespread use of electrical and electronic equipment has made sustainable management of end-of-life (EOL) equipment a pressing need. A global system is required to facilitate informed decision-making regarding e-waste. Manufacturers must therefore devise strategies for effectively managing products during the EOL phase. This article introduces a novel framework for managing e-waste during the EOL phase to identify the most appropriate EOL options to minimize e-waste. The proposed framework harnesses the power of Twitter as a data source, utilizing data mining techniques to extract consumer opinions on e-waste. The article also outlines the development of a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method and a multi-objective mathematical framework, enabling efficient decision-making in EOL processes based on e-waste information obtained from Twitter data. The study's findings have the potential to assist equipment manufacturers in identifying flaws in electrical and electronic equipment by analyzing customer opinions shared on social media platforms. Furthermore, by analyzing consumer sentiment towards e-waste, manufacturers can gain a deeper understanding of customer perspectives and develop appropriate strategic plans for selecting suitable EOL processes for returned products. This study underscores the significance of social media data in addressing e-waste management challenges, showcasing the profound impact of customer opinions.

Holding companies collect funds from subsidiaries and allocate them to important areas (Internal Capital Market). Managers of holding companies have the ability to transfer funds between subsidiaries. Some specific orientations cause the non-optimal allocation of financial resources. One of the concerns of investors is investing in companies where transparency is fully implemented. Companies are trying to achieve this by implementing corporate governance mechanisms. In this research, using a systematic review method, the dimensions of corporate governance were extracted with the stakeholder theory approach. Finally, in order to examine the question of whether the managers of holding companies consider the interests of all stakeholders when using the internal capital market or not, according to the assumptions of the research, the dimensions of corporate governance on stakeholders have been investigated. To investigate this relationship, a set of questions based on Likert scale about the measured variables of the target society was designed. After data collection, finally, data analysis was done by statistical method using SPSS software and structural equations using SPLS software, and the results of path analysis and causal relationships between the research variables were interpreted in the conceptual model. The data analysis also showed that the value of the path coefficient, the effects of dimensions and components of corporate governance and stakeholders, is a positive value. The null hypothesis of the research is rejected and the opposite hypothesis is confirmed. This shows that there is a relationship between the effects of corporate governance dimensions and stakeholders. The direct effect value indicates a strong and high effect size. As a result, the interests of all stakeholders should be considered.