درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present article investigates Emily Dickinson's poem "I taste a liquor never brewed" and aims to solve the confusion of scholars that struggled to specify the precise meaning of some of the terms in the text and fully appreciate the psychic dynamics of it in terms of Lacanian psychoanalysis. The first question the article asks is how is 'desire' represented, and the second is whether the speaker of the poem longs for an 'Other jouissance.' In Seminar XX, Lacan defines Other jouissance as the most intense and ineffable kind and equals it to the jouissance of the mystics. Desire, in Lacanian teachings, is unattainable and an inevitable consequence of language. The famous Lacanian maxims "desire is the desire of the Other," and the "Other is the treasure trove of signifiers" indicate that desire could be represented through signifiers. The article integrates These Lacanian notions in Paul Ricoeur's three-staged hermeneutic Arc, which consists of 1) explanation, 2) understanding, and 3) appropriation. The poem will undergo these three stages of interpretation. By the end of the last stage, the world of the text is appropriated by the selected Lacanian notions. The results of the study are the following: 1) the poem is unique in displaying what Lacan termed 'Other jouissance,' 2) it demonstrates an intense desire for a supreme being—the Other, 3) desire is explicitly named in the poem: it is manifested explicitly in the words ‘liquor," tankards," Alcohol," inebriate," debauchee," drams," drink," little tippler.'

This paper aims to analyze the impact of the traumatic experiences on the identity formation of Shaila Abdulla’s main character in Saffron Dreams and elaborates on how she manages to overcome her diverse emotional burdens. The author, who is concerned with Muslim women’s multiple identities and struggles in the American Diaspora, discusses the challenges of living in the increasing Islamophobic climate in the aftermath of 9/11 through the life of her heroine, Arissa Illahi, a Pakistani writer and artist, who loses her husband in the collapse of the World Trade Centre. Judith Herman’s conceptions of trauma and recovery are applied to discuss the impact of trauma on the identity formation of the character and how she succeeds to go through the process of healing. The paper also analyzes the literary strategies and narrative techniques in this feminist trauma narrative to indicate how the author has tried to represent what is originally marked by voicelessness. The results of the study demonstrates that although the traumatic event of 9/11 and its consequences has devastating effects on Arissa, she as an artist is able to utilize her psychological resources and to take advantage of familial ties to cope successfully with the traumatic experiences in her life, tolerate adversities, and even develop an optimistic view point about new possibilities for her future life. This paper supports the aim of contemporary feminist traumatology which is to make women’s trauma visible, give meaning to it, and ultimately create frameworks that promote the healing of trauma. Cathy Caruth, Judith Herman, and Laurie Vickroy are among the main theoreticians of the research.     

Le lien entre la littérature et la société est indissociable et la littérature est toujours un processus social. La pièce analysée dans cet article, Aye bi kolah aye ba kolah , écrite par Saëdi, étant un bel exemple de la société iranienne des années quarante, fournit une bonne occasion de mener une étude sociologique approfondie selon les opinions de Bourdieu. En effet, le quartier représenté souffre des inaptitudes foncières qui sont en relation avec la position des agents et leurs capitaux ainsi que les habitus. Cette société qui est composée des agents appartenant aux différentes couches sociales est vouée à la déchéance et cette fin tragique sera tracée par les habitants eux-mêmes. Notre but consiste à trouver une/des réponses aux questions suivantes : pourquoi malgré la présence des agents de différentes classes sociales, cette société ne trouve pas d’issue face au problème et elle sera vouée à l’échec ? Sous l’influence de quelles caractéristiques individuelles et collectives, le destin des agents sociaux se précipite dans la déchéance ? Pour répondre à ces questions, on se propose d'étudier la structure de la société et ses facteurs influents selon la méthode sociologique de Bourdieu. Pour ce faire, l’étude minutieuse des concepts fondamentaux de la sociologie bourdieusienne; habitus, champ et capital sera le fondement de notre méthodologie analytique. L’habitus de classe  permettant de comprendre la logique des actions individuelles et collectives, influence le mode de vie et détermine, de façon remarquable, l’acquisition aux différents capitaux. Ces derniers recouvrant différentes formes déterminent la position des agents dans la société. Ainsi, l’analyse des facteurs ci-dessus nous orientera à découvrir les causes de l’effondrement de la société présente dans la pièce. .