درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

هدف این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر تفاوت های فردی بر توانایی های کاربردشناسی متغیر در فراگیران زبان انگلیسی می باشد. 48 فراگیرزبان انگلیسی ژاپنی از یک دانشگاه انگلیسی زبان در ژاپن در این تحقیق شرکت کردند. این فراگیران در یک آزمون کاربردشناسی شفاهی که توانایی آن ها را در مورد تولید دو عمل گفتارِ درخواست کردن و نظر دادن در دو موقعیت با تحمیل کم و زیاد می سنجید، شرکت کردند. سه عامل (مهارت کلی، گرایش به سمت مطالعات انگلیسی و مهارت دسترسی واژگانی) اندازه گیری شد و تاثیر آن بردو عامل تناسب و روانی کلام درعمل گفتار تولید شده سنجیده شد. نتایج نشان می دهد که عوامل فردی تاثیر بسزایی بر تغییرات کاربردشناسی می گذارد، اما این تاثیرات در دو عامل تناسب و روانی کلام متفاوت بود.

The importance of input has been a broadly documented concept in the field of second or foreign language acquisition. However, kinds of input and ways of its presentation are among the controversial issues in L2 classroom research. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the effects of three kinds of input-based instruction on intake and acquisition of the English causative structures by Iranian EFL learners. A total of 105 university students in four intact classes were randomly assigned to four different conditions: processing instruction (PI), textual input enhancement (TE), consciousness-raising (C-R), and control (CO). A pretest/posttest (immediate and delayed) design was used, where participants’ ability to interpret and produce the target structure was assessed through administering a multiple choice interpretation test and a sentence-level production test. Moreover, a grammaticality judgment test was run to assess the amount of intake. Results revealed that learners in the PI group significantly outperformed learners in the other groups on both immediate/delayed production posttests. The findings also indicated that, C-R group could not retain the significant effect of instruction on delayed production posttest and TE tasks were not effective in improving the learners’ production of the target structure. Moreover, the PI group outperformed the other groups on grammaticality judgment test too. Based on these findings, we can conclude that PI which encompasses the most outstanding features of both focus on form and meaning instruction might be a more effective approach in helping EFL learners to acquire the target grammatical forms.

The process of globalization entails the acquisition of a construct, cultural intelligence, with which EFL students can function appropriately in intercultural situations. This study was, first, intended to find the relationship between cultural intelligence and the use of expressions of gratitude by Iranian EFL learners. Second, it sought to determine whether there were any significant differences between low and high culturally intelligent EFL learners in the way they used expressions of gratitude in English. To this end, 118 intermediate learners were selected through convenient sampling, with their proficiency level being controlled. A discourse completion test (DCT) for the expressions of gratitude and a cultural intelligence scale were given to the participants of the study. Learners’ DCT responses were rated on a five-point Likert scale and then analyzed. Statistical tests including Pearson Correlation Coefficient and t-test were used to investigate the research questions. The results of the analysis revealed that there was not a significant relationship, either positive or negative, between cultural intelligence and use of expressions of gratitude. Furthermore, no difference was found between the two groups, high and low culturally intelligent, in the way they used English expressions of gratitude. These findings have implications for the instruction of pragmatic competence.