درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Kant's demystification is meant to put away any metaphysical and revealed elements from ethics and religion. Kant, fulfilling this, first argues that metaphysical questions of reason, from theoretical aspect, have no certain answers. In practical reason, he establishes his moral foundations, based on own human being without any referring to metaphysical bases. In fact, Kant places human being as the base, legislator and finally the end of ethics, so that the totality of morality is depended on itself him/her and there is no moral reality out of our humanly understanding. Kant, then, by confirming the necessity of rational religion, believes that the age of revealed religions have been expired, since they were belonged to the childhood age of human being’s reason, while in Kant’s rational religion, this is human being’s subjective intellect that defines the nature and function of God. Therefore, for Kant’s moral and rational religion, there is no credibility for affairs like miracles, blessings and prayers, since they indicate religious misguidance. In Kant’s rational pure religion, the religion is relied on human being’s pure reason in which his/her reason is the only criterion of religious beliefs. Therefore, for Kant, religion means recognizing our duties as divine judgments, and that such religion pertains to our mundane life not for worshiping God in order to get his satisfaction or benefitting his grace. In short, Kant’s religion and morality are totally depended on our humanly and earthy rationality and understanding, and that there is no mystery out of our humanly willing. So the mysteries that are claimed by revealed religions are meaningless, since our reason, itself, determines the nature, function and virtues of God, moral axioms and religious beliefs.

نام هانری کربن با دو دایره گره خورده است: دایرة ارانوس و دایرة تهران؛ دایره هایی که مطابق منظر کربن، می توان آنها را به درستی رمزی و مثالی خواند. این مقاله به دایرة تهران اختصاص دارد، دایره ای تحقیقی که با حضور اندیشمندانی چند، و با محوریت دو شخصیت از شرق و غرب، علامه سید محمد حسین طباطبایی و هانری کربن، شکل می گرفت. برغم همه مشکلات فنی و فیزیکی ارتباط کلامی، این دو مرد، به خوبی با یکدیگر «مقابله»، مبادله و مفاهمه می نمودند، چرا که قلوب آن دو به روی یکدیگر گشوده بود. و این چنین، آن دو تأثیراتی ماندگار بر یکدیگر و اطرافیان خویش بر جای گذاشتند. در این مقاله، گشایش و آغاز دایره، ویژگی های مبادله و مفاهمة مزبور، و سرانجام، پایان و فرجام آن دایره بررسی شده است.