درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Power as an institution, governance as structure and spatial organization is considered as an organizational tool in the service of the goals and aspirations of the institutions of power and governance structure. In this framework the spatial organization and geographic environment is a result of social organization (social, economic, political), and its natural and ecological system. Human authoritarianism can be the most fundamental strategies and mechanisms of social-biological will be considered in forming this relationship. This needs to be a strategy used by individuals and organizations, and apply to the exercise of power on the part of the space and its contents. The metropolitan centers are concentration of wealth, power, culture, and management and local, national and global forces. Therefore, special interest of organizations and the power forces to this phenomenon and the desire to intervene in the organization of functional, spatial can be expected in order to use most of the resources and opportunities. Urban society today is filled with many actors who each act according to their interests. Today the spatial function distribution can be considered the most important challenges of metropolitan governance. Thus, the efficiency and effectiveness of metropolitan governance structure depends on the acceptance of functional diversity in the metropolitan area and its reflection in the form of metropolitan governance. The new project of the government - the nation insisted on the unity and similarity more than difference and diversity. The emergence of multiculturalism as a political force is an indication of the failure of city project and future areas must to develop diversity and differences through democratic cultural pluralism. This paper presents an analytical method and aims to answer these questions: Whether it can be constructed such a regional city? What is the basic requirement for this a regional city? It seems principles of social justice (Principles that must fuse with the issues of planning and urban governance), such a difference and discrimination, citizenship, community and civic culture are minimum requirements to create a new system of urban civilization.

Traditional houses enjoy an organizing with inner spaces based on religious and traditional notions of Iranian families. Space flexibility, readability, introversion, spatial hierarchy and family privacy have had a special status in architecture of Iranian houses, replaced with an outward-oriented architecture. The traditional architecture which has had all the necessary spaces for any communication inside the house has converted to the hotel architecture that its residents have not expected the stability and comfort from it, to whom just the equipment and services at hotel architecture are of great importance to which they have no sense and attachment. Living at contemporary houses has raised the problems such as reduced sense of belonging, comfort and emotional and family problems. The present research intends to compare traditional houses with contemporary houses by study on architecture plans of Iranian traditional houses and emphasis on their spatial richness and quality so as to get familiar with spatial concepts of these houses and take an effective step on how to influence these neglected concepts on single-dimensional spaces of contemporary houses.

The main goal of this research is studying the causative & effect of deficit budget, money offering and inflation rate in Iran during 1360-1390. The results in long time indicates that the bulk of money has had positive effect & meaning on inflation rate during that time and alteration of budget deficit of the government has also positive effect on inflation but by meaningless impress, in other words this alteration has no independent impress from other alterations and specially form the bulk of money on inflation. Also on the basis of the results of Grenjer causative test, there is a direct relationship or indirect among all the alterations in the model. In regard with the results, money offering is one impressive alteration on inflation and continued increasing in offering the money leads to increasing of inflation. In other hand there is a causative relationship between budget deficit and inflation. Increasing the inflation causes increasing the expenditures and decreasing the revenues therefore by considering that high percentage of budget deficit in Iran to be supplied by central bank that has expansible effect on the total demand & price levels. It is necessary that budget deficit to be supplied from other ways except receiving the loan from bank system such as getting loan from people and selling governmental valuable papers.

Generally, studied villages as regard to the Socioeconomic structure have not considerable development in comparison with their around structure due to functional area. Nowadays, regarding rural development, proceeding with economical analysis of geographical areas has a great position. Considering the applied investigations, upon increasing the knowledge and literacy and scientific and practical skills, tendency for employment in the traditional areas has been decreased and interest for employment in modern and service departments has been increased as you may see in the Iran’s villages. We may say there are new and not discovered opportunities in these areas. Timely discovering and operating these opportunities, and constituting new and competitive businesses and works can provide salient socioeconomic privileges for the villagers. The results of this research indicates that the most proper rural development strategy in the region, environmental development and planning which is the optimum and sufficient pattern towards achieving the rural sustainable development in the region.

Background and purpose: Managers’ competencies leave a decisive effect on the mental health of staff. The present research intends to investigate the influence of emotional-social competencies on the mental health of the staff. Method: the current research is practical in its purpose and correlative regarding data gathering. The statistical community included all the staff of Pegah Company in District 3, which were 221 persons selected through simple random sampling. The assessment tools of this study were standard Boyatzis questionnaire for emotional-social competencies of managers from the staff’s point of view and Goldberg general health questionnaire for the mental health of the staff. The validity (content, convergent, divergent) and reliability (load factor, composite reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) were employed which indicated that assessment tools have acceptable validity and reliability; and the gathered data were analyzed by SMART-PLS2 and descriptive statistics with SPSS21. Findings: the outcomes of this study indicate that t coefficient ranges between emotional-social competency, emotional competency and social competency with the mental health which were respectively 7.46, 5.21, and 10.46. Also, the values of R2 coefficient of determination were 0.71, 0.67, and 0.54 respectively which are desired results. It shows that emotional-social competency, emotional competency and social competency leave positive and significant impacts on mental health. Conclusion: the results of this study attests to the importance of managers’ emotional-social competency for mental health of staff. Thus, the organizations should employ some strategies for the managers to acquire emotional-social competencies and accordingly improve mental health of staff and attain organizational goals.