درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of the current work, conducted in 2017 and 2018, is to identify andprioritize the qualitative and quantitative factors affecting human resources(HR) valuation at National Iranian Oil Company and its subsidiaries. Using asnowball sampling method, 28 experts were selected from the head of humanresources, the head of finance, and some staff members of National IranianOil Company and its subsidiaries. In order to identify the dimensions andcomponents affecting human resources valuation, a comprehensive literaturereview at international and national levels, interviews with experts, andthree stages of distribution and collection of questionnaires using the FuzzyDelphi method were performed. Then, two phases of the paired comparisonquestionnaire were developed and provided for the experts to explain andevaluate the cause-and-effect relationships between the dimensions andthe components together. The specified components and dimensions wereprioritized using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. Using the Fuzzy Delphimethod, 15 dimensions and 101 components influencing HR valuation wereidentified at National Iranian Oil Company and its affiliated companies.According to Pareto 20-80, 20 components were identified as the factorsinfluencing human resources valuation at National Iranian Oil Company andits subsidiaries, and using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method, 15 dimensionsand 20 specified components were prioritized. According to the resultsobtained, the most important dimension and component affecting humanresources valuation at National Iranian Oil Company and its subsidiaries arejob satisfaction, motivation, and perseverance in employees’ assignments.

The research on the Markowitz model and optimization of its portfolio using a variety of evaluation indicators and meta-beta-algorithms has always been the focus of attention of accounting and finance researchers. The results of studies carried out by various types of optimization methods are different in the Markowitz modified models. The purpose of this study is to measure the optimal portfolio and its corresponding return, with respect to the portfolio in the traditional Markowitz model, as well as to compare the position of the refining and petrochemical companies versus stock market outperformers, through integrating the operational criteria and the new indicators of liquidity using the genetic algorithm in the Markowitz model. Therefore, financial data related to the research variables for 35 cases of TSE-listed refinery and petrochemical companies from 2012 to 2016 fiscal years were extracted from Rahavard Novin database software and simulated by the genetic algorithm. The results show that returns on the stock portfolio optimized using the genetic algorithm and without considering the liquidity limitations and filters have a significant and positive difference with the return on the stock portfolios optimized with regard to the liquidity limitations and filters. Furthermore, the application of liquidity limitations and filters in the formation of optimal stock portfolios leads to a conservative increase in the choice of stocks (portfolio formation), which leads to a reduction in the risk and return of investment in such portfolios.

Various hazards exist in the upstream oil and gas industry. Therefore, the contracting parties of any petroleum contract always try to reduce the inevitable economic burdens of occurring adverse events arising out of risks in the course of petroleum operation by applying legal approaches such as contractual risk allocation provisions, which can be realized by drafting efficient insurance and indemnity clauses as the subset of risk allocation provisions. Hence, this study addressed the main research question of “What are the necessary parameters for drafting the insurance and indemnity clauses in the main types of upstream petroleum contracts?” To achieve this end, the mentioned clauses stipulated in the main types of upstream petroleum contracts, have been examined; including concessions, production sharing, and service contracts of 15 different countries around the world besides the comparative analysis with the new model of Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC). Eventually, the hypothesis of this study stating “There should be several parameters such as liability towards risks, limitation of liability, exclusions/exemptions, etc. for drafting the insurance and indemnity clauses in these contracts” verified. That is the result and the answer to the research question. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the extracted set of parameters needed to draft these clauses legally, with the related ones in IPC has been done. Therefore, it led to the detection of the existing contractual shortcomings. Thereafter, the necessary suggestions to resolve them are offered, which can enhance the effectiveness of the upstream petroleum contracts and avoids potential litigation in this regard.

This paper aims to show the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on Iran’s economy. It uses nonlinear time series models to investigate the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on resource allocation in Iran’s economy. The results show that adverse oil shocks have been more persistent during the last decades and severely negatively affect resource allocation in Iran’s economy. Different oil shocks have different implications for importing and exporting countries, and the rigidity of state fiscal systems in exporting countries causes adverse oil shocks to be more persistent. The oil economy’s response to positive and negative oil shocks depends on the structure of the economy. The government budget and trade balance have significant implications for the effects of oil shocks on oil-exporting economies. The government budget is highly dependent on oil revenues, so in the case of adverse oil shocks, the pass-through exchange rate will cause high inflation because of foreign exchange shortage and overshoot in the exchange rate. 

Today, the strategy of outsourcing management, in economic enterprises and especially in government organizations, is one of the most important issues in the field of procurement chain management and Strategic Alliance Management. This issue is of special importance in public organizations and institutions. Because these organizations usually have a wide range of missions and supply chains, and according to macro policies and strategies, they need a comprehensive plan for outsourcing. Despite this importance, few studies have addressed the models of outsourcing development in firms. The purpose of this paper is to explain the model of outsourcing development management in the oil and gas industry, based on using content analysis method and deductive approach to the theoretical framework developed in practice through case analysis in Iranian Gas Transmission Company as the company with the most physical assets control on Iran. With this aim, the information required for the research, in addition to the researchers' observation and reviewing the related documents, was obtained through interviews with a significant population of senior managers and experts in the Iranian oil and gas industry. Using theme analysis method, this information was analyzed and the expected situation of the outsourcing development management in the industry, and the impact and interactions, were described and explained.

One of the variables affecting the behavior of enterprises is the exchange rate. Uncertainty about the amount of exchange rate volatillity for each firm is considered as a risk. The aim of this study is to explain a model to investigate the effect of exchange rate shocks on the financial sustainability of export-oriented companies. In this regard, the data on exchange rate, tax, oil revenue and export variables on financial sustainability was collected for 19 groups of companies from 2008 to 2019. To achieve the research goal, the Panel Vector Autoregressive Model (PANEL VAR) using the generalized method of moments (GMM) was used to analyzed the data. Then the results were interpreted using the Impulse Response Function and variance decomposition. The results of the IRF show that the effect of exchange rate volatility on the financial sustainability variable is initially negative, but has a positive effect over time and is neutralized after several periods. The same goes for an impulse equal to a standard deviation in tax. Also, the oil revenues and exports impulse have negative and positive effects on financial sustainability, respectively. According to the results of variance decomposition, it can be said that the effect of exchange rate on financial sustainability is greater than the effect of sustainability on exchange rate, because the exchange rate shocks have more explanatory power for sustainability fluctuations.

In this research we try to investigate impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation on the effectiveness of financial processes in PETROPARS Ltd as a case study in petroleum industry. In this regard, three indicators of Ahituv and Neumann model containing time, content, and format have been utilized to compare traditional systems used in PETROPARS Ltd before implementation of ERP/SAP system. For this purpose, four hypothesis related to financial processes were developed and data collected from 101 employees related to financial processes in PETROPARS Ltd. There were 10 research questions related to the three indicators of Ahituv and Neumann model. Research findings show that ERP/SAP implementation has a positive and significant impact on financial processes effectiveness compared to the traditional systems previously used (before ERP/SAP system) in PETROPARS Ltd. This research contributes to the body of knowledge for investigation and documentation of actual results of ERP implementation in the petroleum industry of Iran. A phenomenon that has not been previously touched.

Making an agreement between Iran and an integrated countries bloc like Shanghai Cooperation Organization or Eurasian Economic Union to boost energy trade is considered as an efficient factor to improve multilateralism and regionalism of Iranian economy. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 has had caused serious and unprecedented consequences on globalization and regionalization. This research seeks to find out the relationship between COVID19 and regional energy integration for two cases of South Asia and the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). To estimate the coefficients of variables, the panel data framework based on quarterly data over 2010Q1-2020Q2 is employed. The major results reveal that the COVID19 pandemic is found to be a serious challenge for regional energy integration in these two unions, particularly the integration of larger economies which are more developed and have a higher level of trade liberalization are disturbed by this pandemic. A policy implication based on the conclusions is that Iran may try to make regional energy integration with its neighbors and trading partners. However, to reduce the long-run negative impacts of pandemic, Iran and its energy trade partners should make a plan to determine types and magnitudes of negative impacts of pandemic, regulating monetary and fiscal policies to encounter with the negative influences. To the best of author’s knowledge, despite some earlier researches, there is not any existing literature focusing on how the Corona affects the economic integration. Therefore, this paper tries to fill in this literature gap.

The organizational capital is one of the important components of the intellectual capital. the organizational capital is an infrastructure in term of organizational successes so that it plays a vital role in achieving the goals of organization. Managing and directing “Organizational Capital” entails identification and measurement of its attributes. Although the literature on the intellectual capital is rich, the review shows that few researches have studied the organizational capital models and the related attributes. Hence, at first, this study aims to collect the organizational capital attributes through reviewing the literature and classify them as a comprehensive model. Then, a Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) approach in uncertanity situation has been utilized in order to prioritize and rank the classified attributes by gathering the opinions of experts. In this study, the Grey systems theory has been used for the first time as a method to deal with uncertainty inherent in the in the organizational capital measurement. Whereas the presented comprehensive model can be applied in different situations and industries, it seems that this model may have different attribute weights with regard to the nature of organizations’ activity and internal and external conditions of the specified industry. Finally, the proposed methodology has been utilized in the petroleum industry in Iran and prioritization procedure and ranking results have been illustrated step by step.

The oil market is affected by the supply of oil by oil-producing countries. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was established in the 1960s to balance oil prices in favor of oil-producing countries. OPEC has gone through a period of convergence and divergence since its inception under political-economic events and crises. In turn, this convergence and divergence have had a significant impact on oil production, supply, and prices in the oil market. OPEC members form a diverse range of population, size, reserves, output, gross domestic product, ideology, and type of relationship with world powers. This diversity, along with internal tensions, leads to different approaches on energy markets and production quotas, which has affected the interests of all producing countries. Thus, this study aims to assess the convergence relationship between OPEC members on the strength of this organization on the market. To reach this aim, we have used a qualitative method of descriptive and analytical type using library resources and documents. Findings show that any lack of convergence and understanding between OPEC members has led to increased supply in the oil market and fluctuating prices. These price fluctuations seriously damage the economies of exporting countries.

Understanding of the interplay between IP rights and competition law in the context of technology transfer in the Iranian oil industry is a point that is discussed in this article. While intellectual property rights enjoy a historic record and appropriate rules in this regard, the competition rights in Iran are taking their initial steps. This imbalance stems from the root of the formation of the legal system of oil in Iran based on contractual frameworks over time. The point to be made in this article is that technology transfer can be expected to take place when the type and purpose of technology transfer have already been defined by legal organizations in relation to the relevant industries. Also, the general targeting in the upstream laws alone cannot meet the legal requirements for the transfer of appropriate technology. Therefore, when even one of the mentioned factors does not exist, one cannot expect constructive interaction in the above-mentioned legal systems.