حسن احدی

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term intensive dynamic psychotherapy interventions and the 12-step method in reducing drug temptation and reducing the projective defense mechanism of recovering addicts in Tehran province. The study method was pretest-posttest with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all recovering addicts in Tehran province in 1399, of which 58 people (30 people in the intervention group and 28 people in the control group) were selected using purposive non-random sampling. Data were collected using the Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40) by Anders et al. (1993) and Wright craving (2003). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance. The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that by controlling the effect of F-tests obtained on the variable mechanisms of projection and temptation "at the level of 0.05 is significant. In other words, there are significant differences in the post-test scores of these variables in the "experimental group" and the "control group". The results of univariate analysis of variance in the first to fourth hypotheses also showed the difference between the two intervention groups and the control group in the variables of drug temptation, defense mechanisms of denial, projection and splitting. It is concluded that short-term intensive scanning psychotherapy and the twelve-step method are effective in reducing drug temptation and reducing the projective defense mechanism of addicts.

Abstract Purpose: Smart schools are schools equipped with electronic devices and advanced technology where innovative and new way of learning is taught by processing data and communication within the context of suitable curriculum. Methodology: The basis of current research has been designed to compare the effectiveness of developing creativity between two groups of female high schoolers attending smart schools versus female students attending non-smart schools. Furthermore, all the female subjects were attending 3rd grade which is equivalent of 11th grade students worldwide. The method utilized in this research is the comparison evaluation type. The statistical society of research subjects included female high schoolers of Tehran’s District 8 which encompasses of 10 public schools, 6 non-public or private schools, and one smart high school, with the total population of 1020 in which 300 students were selected by classified random method as the sample group of research. The mentioned random groups were selected from all above-mentioned schools accordingly to their populations. Initially, in order to assess the level of creativity, part A of the Torrance test was given to all subjects at the beginning of the school –year. Part B of the same test was given at the conclusion of the school-year. Finding: The yielding outcome of both tests were analyzed with T test, variance method, and Schaffer's follow-up test final and total assessment and evaluation of all the results a conclusion was reached indicating that the type of smart or non-smart schools had no effect in developing and advancing creativity. Discussion: However, the dual comparison between private and public schools demonstrated a real and factual significant differences with respect to developing creativity. This fact implies that private high schools are more equipped and suited to develop creativity.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotional regulation and coping therapy training on life style in adolescent at risk of drug abuse. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental research with two experimental and one control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of all 577 boy students in secondary high schools(the second period) in Kish Island, in 2017-18, and finally 45 students were selected based on entry criteria and randomly divided to 3 groups (emotional regulation training group, coping therapy training group and one control group). The research tools consisted of who quality of life questionnaire. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The results showed that emotional regulation and coping therapy training programs had a positive effect on life style and these changes have been steady to the stage of follow-up. Conclusion: It is recommended to use emotion regulation and coping therapy programs to increase life style in adolescents