زهره پوستین چی

The rapid dissemination of news and the creation of media hype have made social media high-ly powerful in the battle for public opinion. However, today, social media acts as a double-edged sword in covering the Gaza war. While it provides unprecedented coverage opportuni-ties, it also faces serious challenges. Despite limitations such as the rapid spread of infor-mation—which opens the door to misinformation and raises fact-checking concerns—social media in the United States has sought to support Israel. This has heightened suspicions of manipulation, division, and narrative distortion in the eyes of global public opinion. From this perspective, the present article, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to answer the key question: What role do American media play in supporting Israel in the war against Palestine? The research findings indicate that the gaps in the coverage of the Gaza war by American me-dia significantly influence public opinion and seek to shape the discourse surrounding it. As a result, they contribute to a one-dimensional narrative that, by inadequately presenting Pales-tinian perspectives, omitting essential historical and cultural contexts, and neglecting to hu-manize those most affected, reinforces misconceptions and biases. This has, in turn, led to a decline in the perception of democracy in the eyes of public opinion.

Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the ensuing war, Russia lost a significant portion of its gas market in Europe. This market had been a crucial tool for bargaining and exerting pres-sure on the West, and it also brought substantial economic benefits to Moscow. This was espe-cially true for gas exports to Germany, which had seen the construction of the Nord Stream pipe-line, with plans for Nord Stream 2 also underway before the war began, leading to the halting of both projects. Consequently, energy relations between Russia and Europe deteriorated. Following the Ukraine war, Europe was compelled to secure its gas supply from the United States, despite incurring significantly higher costs. Currently, the U.S. is the largest supplier of gas to Europe. This process led Russia to seek alternative markets for its gas exports. China and India, two ma-jor global consumers, are markets Russia is eager to capture. Currently, Russia is China's largest supplier of gas. Although a large gas pipeline already delivers Russian gas to China, Moscow isn't content with this alone and aims to diversify its methods of product delivery. Iran is a cru-cial option for Russia to transport gas, as it is close to India and can also meet some of China's needs. Furthermore, Russia is considering physically connecting its economic interests with the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf, particularly the UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. Rus-sia believes that by doing so, it can establish a major gas economic bloc and become a counter-weight to competitors, especially the United States. From this perspective, it could be argued that the Iran-Russia gas pipeline is, in fact, a replacement for Nord Stream and could transform Iran into a regional energy hub. This article aims to explore the possibility of Iran becoming a region-al energy hub through economic cooperation with Russia in the energy sector, thoroughly exam-ining the opportunities and challenges involved. The research method employed was SWOT analysis.

Although the United States of America was able, after the end of the Second World War until the first decade of the third millennium, to obtain all the necessary conditions for taking he-gemony and the leadership of the free world, with the post-Cold War transformations, grounds were provided for the hegemony of America to undergo decline. The emergence of powers such as China, Russia, and the European Union, alongside certain regional crises such as the 2022 Ukraine crisis, are counted among those developments that provided the grounds for the further decline of American hegemony. This research, with documentary study and qualitative method of data and with theoretical content and explanatory (causal) method as well as de-scriptive–analytical method, and based on the theoretical framework of “long cycles,” while investigating the roots of the 2022 Ukraine crisis, is responsible for answering this question: What effect has the 2022 Ukraine crisis had on the decline of American hegemony? The anal-ysis of data and the results obtained have shown that: the 2022 Ukraine crisis caused the he-gemony of America to be challenged in creating balance in the domains under the influence of Russia, and consequently, America’s inability in solving the 2022 Ukraine crisis.