یونس وکیل الرعایا

Neuromarketing and its tools are an emerging and evolving field that bridges the gap between consumer behavior studies and neuroscience. These new technologies are used in the field of neuromarketing and neuroscience to observe the brain areas involved, for example, in seeing, hearing, or smelling the product. For example, functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and event-related potentials (ERP) are used to identify the active points in the consumer's brain when they see, smell, or hear the product or service being tested. How these different techniques and tools work in neuromarketing has always been somewhat confusing to marketers. This study aims to examine the research articles published on the ScienceDirect website by identifying the current state of neuromarketing tools and electroencephalography (EEG) in neuromarketing to identify research gaps and provide recommendations for the application of this technique for experimental research for marketers. Using a two-stage bibliographic methodology, we show that although "neuromarketing" is the focus of research on the ScienceDirect website, there are not many empirical studies examining electroencephalography (EEG) and the combined use of this technology in consumer behavior. However, the use of this tool to screen messages and promotional materials has received the most attention. This study highlights the limitations of a systematic investigation of EEG issues in neuromarketing by examining FMRI, EEG, and ERP technologies. It also focuses on consumer behavior, particularly online shopping decision making, website design, and consumers' physiological responses to the brand. In addition, future studies are expected to be completed by combining EEG and neuromarketing technologies.

Nowadays, organizational intelligence is very important in acquiring necessary information for making suitable decisions and gaining competitive benefits in active environments for generative corporations. So, the present study aims to identify and prioritize organizational intelligent criteria in the production cooperatives of Iran. In methodology,this is an applied (developmental) study objectively and a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) survey regarding the nature of data. The present study is a Grounded theory its nature and methodology in the qualitative section, while it is a descriptive-exploratory study in the quantitative section. The study population consists of experts including the managers of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, who were 12 respondents selected using the non-probability purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The dimensions of organizational intelligence, including intelligent enablers, organizational intelligent capabilities, intelligent development contexts, and intelligent governance with 18 criteria were identified using the grounded method. Finally, the cause and effect relationships between the dimensions and criteria were determined by the Analytical Network Process method based on the fuzzy DEMATEL. According to DEMATEL findings, the “intelligent governance” and “intelligent development contexts” dimensions are the cause, while the “intelligent enablers” and “organizational intelligent capabilities” constitute the effect. The “customer relationship management”, “organizational learning”, and “human intelligence” criteria have respectively the most weight and priority in the organizational intelligence of production cooperatives in Iran.

A logo epitomizes a brand and depicts the picture of a product; consequently, attention, as an initial step of the AIDA model, to the logo is a good-looking index to survey the cognitive processing during consumers’ decision-making. Eye tracker extracts the visual attention data. For these reasons and appreciated from fixation duration, in the present study, the process of visual attention to the logo of a brand during decision-making was studied. To analyze the effects of the popularity of a brand on consumers’ decision-making, visual attention of 53 undergraduate students was studied. The brands were selected from two categories of beverages: soft drinks and non-alcoholic beers. Prior to the test, the participants had declared their favorite categories. The results showed that 75% of the participants selected a popular brand of their unfavorite categories. On the other hand, the difference of fixation duration between logos of popular and unknown brands did not directly relate to the choices of the participants. Therefore, these results did not correspond with the AIDA model. Additionally, cognitive processing toward the unknown brands’ logos was more than the popular brands’ logos. Moreover, the consumers who changed their decision were subjected to more cognitive processing compared to the consumers who insisted on their selection. In contrast to the AIDA model which implies that decision-making is triggered by attention, the present study indicated that decision making can also be influenced by the popularity of the brand. This can be due to optimization of the working memory usage by the brain. Finally, these results could be helpful in creating a new brand. According to the AIDA model, the more attractive logo and package of the brand, the more chance for being selected by the customers. However, our findings emphasize the importance of the popularity of the brand.