Rohizat Bin Baharon

Neuromarketing and its tools are an emerging and evolving field that bridges the gap between consumer behavior studies and neuroscience. These new technologies are used in the field of neuromarketing and neuroscience to observe the brain areas involved, for example, in seeing, hearing, or smelling the product. For example, functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and event-related potentials (ERP) are used to identify the active points in the consumer's brain when they see, smell, or hear the product or service being tested. How these different techniques and tools work in neuromarketing has always been somewhat confusing to marketers. This study aims to examine the research articles published on the ScienceDirect website by identifying the current state of neuromarketing tools and electroencephalography (EEG) in neuromarketing to identify research gaps and provide recommendations for the application of this technique for experimental research for marketers. Using a two-stage bibliographic methodology, we show that although "neuromarketing" is the focus of research on the ScienceDirect website, there are not many empirical studies examining electroencephalography (EEG) and the combined use of this technology in consumer behavior. However, the use of this tool to screen messages and promotional materials has received the most attention. This study highlights the limitations of a systematic investigation of EEG issues in neuromarketing by examining FMRI, EEG, and ERP technologies. It also focuses on consumer behavior, particularly online shopping decision making, website design, and consumers' physiological responses to the brand. In addition, future studies are expected to be completed by combining EEG and neuromarketing technologies.