عوامل مؤثر بر تقویت امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در مدیریت تهدیدهای امنیتی منطقه جنوب شرق کشور (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نگاهی ژرف و تاریخ مند به فراز و فرودهای فضای امنیتی استان استراتژیک سیستان وبلوچستان و به تعبیر مقام معظم رهبری «تنگه احد نظام»، نمایانگر وجود چالش های امنیتی متنوعی بوده است. از منظر سیاست گذاری، توجه یا عدم توجه به ثبات و کارآمدی رویکرد کارگزاران امنیتی در مواجهه با تهدیدات درونی و بیرونی محیط امنیت ملی جنوب شرق کشور، پیامدهای جدی و گسترده ای بر مسائل استان سیستان وبلوچستان و آینده امنیتی آن دارد. این پژوهش ضمن رصد و احصای تهدیدات امنیتی در منطقه جنوب شرق، سعی دارد به این پرسش بنیادین پاسخ گوید که «عوامل مؤثر در ارتقای امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در چالش با تهدیدات منطقه جنوب شرق کشور کدامند؟» فرضیه این پژوهش بر این مدار سازمان می یابد که «آنچه در شرایط کنونی و در منطقه جنوب شرق، می تواند ضامن برقراری امنیت گردد، تکیه بر امنیت هوشمند مبتنی بر سه عنصرِ ارتقای آگاهی های اجتماعی (از طریق نخبگان اجتماعی)، توسعه اقتصادی (از طریق توسعه زیرساخت های اقتصادی منطقه، سواحل مکران، توسعه تجارت مرزی) و ایجاد امنیت مردم محور (تکیه بر تجربیات مبتنی بر نقش دادن به نخبگان اجتماعی، متنفذین و شاخصین قوم بلوچ) بوده و از این طریق امکان پذیر است». یافته ها نشان می دهند که تمرکز بر تولید امنیت نرم و رهایی از رویکرد «سخت» بهترین روش برای تقویت امنیت و وحدت منطقه است. مقاله حاضر با استفاده از روش تحلیل کیفی و بر اساس داده های اسنادی، کتابخانه ای و اینترنتی انجام شده است.Key Factors in Strengthening the National Security of the I.R. of Iran in the Face of Security Threats in the Southeast Region of the Country
Introduction In the context of policy-making, the extent to which Iran’s security apparatus addresses both internal and external threats to national security in the southeast region has significant implications for the challenges and future security of the Sistan and Baluchistan province. This study, while analyzing security threats in the southeast region, seeks to answer the primary question: “What are the key factors in strengthening the national security of the I.R. of Iran in the face of security threats in the southeast region of the country.”The hypothesis of this study says that “the fundamental factor in ensuring the security of the southeast region of Iran is relying on smart security, based on three elements of promoting social awareness (through social elites), economic development (through the development of economic infrastructure in the region, Makran coast, and border trade) and creating people-oriented security (relying on the experiences and roles of social elites and leaders of the Baloch people).”Methodology The paper tries to address the following objectives to a reliable point to present the factors for promoting Iran's national security policies in the strategic region of the country’s southeast:a) Reconceptualizing Iran’s strategies for addressing threats and challenges in cyber/virtual space and social action environments;b) Formulating a novel security management policy tailored to the region’s current complex conditions;c) Proposing a model for fostering soft social security between the political system and the country's southeast region; andd) Offering a critical analysis of Iran’s security management policy in the southeast region and envisioning a favorable scenario. Result and Discussion The research findings indicate that building “soft security” and moving away from the “hard” approach is the most effective way to enhance the region’s security. Based on this, it is emphasized that “the fundamental factor in ensuring the security of the southeast region of Iran is relying on smart security, based on three elements of promoting social awareness (through social elites), economic development (through the development of economic infrastructure in the region, Makran coast, and border trade) and creating people-oriented security (relying on the experiences and roles of social elites and leaders of the Baloch people).”However, the ethnic-religious sentiments in the southeast of Iran and the mental frameworks developed among the Baloch about themselves and others have been significant contributors to security instability. Expecting stable security in this region would be unrealistic unless the government alleviates the sense of relative deprivation and the tangible indicators of such deprivation. Therefore, instead of merely addressing the symptoms in security domains, we should seek the root causes. Concentrating on breaking the vicious circle of “ethnic-religious tensions”, “modern ignorance”, and “poverty and economic inequality” could be highly beneficial in this regard.In addition, considering the following recommendations can inspire policymakers to make better decisions in order to improve the security structure of the region:Launching swift initiatives to address economic issues by establishing economic and manufacturing entities across the entire province of Sistan and Baluchistan;Fostering the cooperative sector with the aim of job creation, promoting social equity, and empowering the middle and lower-income segments of the community;Implementing and advancing sustainable development and security strategies, and pursuing a unified approach among all local, provincial, and national authorities;Establishing enduring and long-term (sustainable) economic prospects for the region’s inhabitants, such as advancing the development plan for the Makran coast;Utilizing the potential and diversity of tribes, ethnic groups, and religions, securing the approval of local residents and Sunni religious authorities for the execution of development initiatives in the province, and prioritizing underprivileged areas;Establishing a unique economic zone and a maritime-focused economy, giving adequate consideration to tourism and leisure service sectors, as well as setting up desalination facilities to supply potable water to towns and villages;Strengthening cultural foundations and bridging cultural divides through media, public education, higher institutions, and religious centers; and● Encouraging intercultural dialogues and fostering social and economic interactions among religions, while setting aside ethno-religious tensions.
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