هنر زبان

Poguli is spoken in the Pogal-Paristan area of district Ramban in the state of Jammu and Kashmir (India). Poguli shows interesting and significant variations from Kashmiri in phonology, morphology, and vocabulary, but linguistic research on these aspects of the dialect of Kashmiri has been inadequate and fragmentary. Limited work has been done on Poguli and is mostly based on oral form. The present paper attempts to study Poguli on morphological description basis. The study shall include description of pronouns of Poguli in question. It aims to give a complete account of different features of pronouns in Poguli.

This research studied the creativity in Persian translation of The Remains of the Day by Najaf Daryabandari and the influence of creativity on a more successful literary translation. To this end, Schjoldager (2008) and Holst (2010) models were introduced and definitions of the micro-strategies and macro-strategies of these models were presented. The main questions with regard to the purpose of the study were whether the Persian translation of this novel is creative and whether creativity is influential in a more successful literary translation. In this study, the translator's creativity was studied through examples that were obtained by means of comparative analysis of the source and target texts as well as features defined in the eight creative micro-strategies of the Holst model. In addition, the features of translated text in terms of using Qajar prose were considered the macro-strategy, which was adopted by the translator. The findings of the study were as follows: The Persian translation of The Remains of the Day by the translator, Najaf Daryabandari, was a creative translation. In the research process, it could be inferred that the translator was able to present a successful literary translation in a meaningful and tactile manner in the target language by using creativity and by comparing and understanding the similarities of the nineteenth century classic English and Qajar dialects. Among extracted samples in this study, the most frequent one was the micro-strategy of adaptation, which was one of the most creative micro-strategies of the Holst model.