درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The sociability and quality of behavior settings, according to general psychology data, are the most significant environmental values, measuring which helps to assess the success of environmental and architectural aspects. The present study was aimed at investigating the efficient environmental characteristics for the achievement of sociability in educational space. This issue has been addressed by examining the type and manner of interactions of students at the University of Tehran as well as qualified environmental factors facilitating, or restricting these interactions. In this study, data were collected as a combination of three methods of interview, observation, and questionnaire; with a population of students at the University of Tehran. With regards to statistical investigations, the sample size was 386 taken with a simple random sampling, and the data were analyzed using SPSS22 software. The one-sample t-test was also used for data analysis in order to find a logical relationship between variables. The results have shown that all environmental indicators are of significant importance for students in the formation of social interactions between students.

Child labor is an inseparable phenomenon in the s tructure of developing countries and third world nations. Numerous claims have been made about the benefits of the learning environment on child labor’s life. Individuals do their activities in designed environments, which can influence them. There were few s tudies on designing an educational place for child labors, especially in Iran. The purpose of this s tudy is using an architectural approach to absorb child labors into an educational place in Iran Isfahan. After running library s tudies about child labors and the effect of place on people, in a two years, many field s tudies have been done such as: observing child labors lifes tyle, their work condition, and visiting their support centers. A total of 45 child labors between the ages of 12-18 have been interviewed, and then some results of this interview were examined on a child labors’ help center building. It confirms and completes the results of interview. Initial evidence shows that there is a gap in educational sys tem. Regular schools cannot be responsible for child labors’ needs. So, firs t, the child labor’s personal needs were discovered, then some of the architectural parameters that affect their educational achievements were introduced. The focus of architectural guidelines in this s tudy is in three parameters: well-designed physical space, sense of ownership and social support. It uses architecture to give child labors’ los t social identity back. 

Neighbourhood in many Nigerian cities had been designed without proper consideration of design principles, which invariably affect the residents’ quality of life. This s tudy assessed the experts' and residents’ perception of design correlates of neighbourhood quality in the urban area of Ibadan. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. A ques tionnaire survey and direct observations were used to acquire the primary data. A sys tematic sampling technique was used to select one of every 5th building after the firs t house had been selected randomly. Data collected were analysed using percentages, Correlation, and Multiple Regression. The results revealed that the majority of 87.9% residents s trongly agree that the building lines were s trictly followed. The majority of 86.7% s trongly agree that the practice of enclosure of space and gating is common in their area. The results of experts’ assessment of Design Characteris tics Indices (DCI) indicated that Alalubosa GRA was adjudged to be very good with DCI of 4.09, followed by Kolapo Ishola with 3.58 DCI. The Multiple Regression Analysis results showed that design characteris tics were related significantly with neighbourhood quality (p < 0.05). The result indicates F–value of 1.026E5 and P–value of 0.000a. Furthermore, the results of Pearson’s Correlation Co-efficient revealed s trong and significant correlations between neighbourhood quality and the design factor at either p < 0.01 or p < 0.05significant levels. The need to consider significant design factors that comprised: variability, tidiness image/milieu, territoriality, connectivity, consis tency, legibility and density among others by Planners and Architects in planning and designing adequate neighbourhood as important. 

The appearance of Square in Northwest Iran, as a traditional element of the city, did not have a certain definition in the urban planning due to its structural disruption in the spatial fabric as well as its chaotic present in the manifestation of its identity. On the other hand, since the concept of the square in this area does not match to the similar models existing in the central plateau of Iran including the characteristics of being enclosed and architectural integrity, most researchers have assumed that the irregularity of the form in the squares of northwest Iran is because of gradual growth, lack of spatial desirability, and performance without a predesigned plan. This descriptive-analytic research studies the effect of climate on the formation of the structural layout of "Saheb Abad" Square as a case study. In this way, a specified framework would be suggested, and a fixed sustainable urban pattern would be achieved regarding the form of a square in modern urbanism in this region. According to the findings of this study, the disintegrated layout of the square in Northwest Iran is not only because of its structural weakness, but it was in certain parallels with environmental and natural conditions. It is obvious that the investigation of this innovation could lead to sustainable development in modern urban constructions.

The increase in environmental pollutions and the daily increasing destruction of the ecology have caused worries in the societies and drawn their attentions towards the reasons, outcomes as well as the methods of reducing them. Various factors are involved in reducing the aforesaid threatening conditions. The present study emphasizes on the role of the media and globalization of the communications and deals with the inclinations towards guarding and protecting the environment amongst the citizens residing Tehran. The present study makes use of a survey method. A total of 277 residents from Tehran were selected in urban districts one, five and fourteen. To analyze the obtained data, use was made of correlation analysis and multivariate regression test. The study findings of the correlation analysis part are reflective of the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the globalization of the communications and tendencies towards the environment conservation. As for the tendencies towards the environment protection, the study findings are suggestive of the idea that the study participants have been assessed in three levels, namely cognitive, affective and behavioral (in two dimensions of intervention and participation), and that the increase in the enjoyment of the global communications brings about an increase in individuals’ tendencies for environment conservation. These bioenvironmental analyses enable the instigation of more attention in the general public. However, the general public’s sensitivity might be provoked by means of the media and communications. It seems that the media analyses of the environment shoulders the essential role for the favorable bioenvironmental governance. Therefore, the most rational thing to do about the protection of the resources and environment is giving value to the media and communications.

Turbulence and inconsistency of urban physical system in the physical structure of Iran contemporary cities is one of the instances of identity crisis; the weakness of the educational system in the faculties of architecture and urban planning, the promotion of foreign culture in the domestic press, the weakness of the infrastructures of native culture education, the interference of experts from other scientific fields in architecture and urban planning, the weakness of urban management strategies, high expense housing and the necessity to supply housing for the needy people have created a turbulent city with eclectic culture and it made the native culture less prominent than before. The present research introduced the concept of “urban architecture”. The main presupposition of research is that the architecture of monuments in the historical texture has sufficient capabilities in the quality of physical structure of city and architects concurrently paid attention to the architectural characteristics of monuments and urban space quality. The purpose of present research is that to investigate the effective architectural factors to improve the social life of urban spaces thus the research question is that “how to architect while constructing architectural structures to shape an urban space with social quality?”  The necessity of the study is the role of urban spaces to shape the social life and the significance of the study is the possibility to clarify a “bottom-up” design procedure to consider the concept of “urban architecture”, and also to institutionalize qualifications for urban spaces through architectures. The present qualitative research has been conducted with the logical argumentation and causal- interpretative strategies and through documentary- field study in the case study of Abyaneh village. Research findings, while paying attention to the qualitative components of urban spaces resulting from monuments architecture, have proposed strategies to realize the concept of “urban architecture” consistent with the components of social sustainability.