گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی

Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to explain the role of globalization on the relation-ship between the sovereignty of the country and the identity of the Turkmens. This re-search is a developmental and applied goal and is qualitatively based on the nature of the research. The statistical community in the qualitative section is a social sciences and political scientist. Experts were identified by purposeful sampling and snowflake sam-pling which, according to the adequacy of the data, was interviewed in total with 20 ex-perts. The analysis method was the theme analysis based on Clarke and Bron's approach (2006). The data gathered through an in-depth interviewing. The results indicate that the recognition of the existing gap in the society has been identified in the context of the effect of globalization on the capacities of the Turkmens, the criteria for the formation of the virtual ethnic communities, the collective identification of the Turkmens, the de-velopment of the inside ethnic Turkmen interaction, the recognition of the rights of the Turkmens. In the area of solutions to the emergence of national sovereignty, globaliza-tion problems including cultural and social, and political strategies, economic, and legal solutions were identified.

The India-Pakistan conflict is one of the longest disputes in the Indian subcontinent, dating back to 1948. During this period, the dispute between the two countries has many times been to the brink of a war, and has led to it four times. The deterioration of the conflict required that several meas-ures be taken at various levels of diplomacy to resolve it. Simultaneously with the activities in the field of official diplomacy, and even at the time of the severance of official relations between the two countries, Track two activities have been running between the elites along the borders. The article will briefly review the most important activities of Track Two Diplomacy to resolve this dispute, one of the most important of which is the activities of the Pakistan-India Peoples' Forum for Peace and Democracy. This activity was successful to show a different dimension of the con-flict to public and elites along the borders, however, was not able to manifest long lasting peace. The most important achievement to be counted for PIPFPD is reducing the tensions, especially at the time of diplomatic deadlocks. The article answers to the question of why PIPFPD has failed to achieve some of its defined goals after nearly 25 years’ activity? Describing various aspects of the conflict, besides limitations PIPDPD has been faced, the article concludes that complexity of the dispute caused by the multiplicity of actors and interest which is affected by regional and interna-tional issues won’t let the conflict ripen. Sinceactors involved in the conflict don’t come to this logic that consensus over resolving dispute is more beneficial than continuing it.

Abstract: The emergence and rise of the Islamic spheres in contemporary times have become one of the most important research topics of recent years and in this area literature is being developed. All those who are doing research in their quest are seeking to answer the question of what factors have led to the politicalization of Islam…? Accordingly, each researcher and writer examines the subject according to the angle from which it looks at the subject or from the position in which it is located and in other words these differenc-es are in the perspective of the disciplinary approach that the researcher had. Sociolo-gists, for example, have referred mainly to structural and class transformation and on this basis, have explained the rise of political Islam. Similarly, political scientists have emphasized and ideological factors this disciplinary attitude has led to the neglect of other factors and their role in the emergence of political Islam. Similarly, political scien-tists have emphasized and ideological factors this disciplinary attitude has led to the neglect of other factors and their role in the emergence of political Islam. Among these factors are the circumstances, processes and accelerators and in their view examined the reasons for the politicalization of the Tunisian Islamic movement. In this article we will try to examine the political context of the Ennahda salve movement.