تدوین بسته مداخله درمانی مبتنی بر نظریه انسان سالم و مقایسه اثربخشی آن با روان درمانی مثبت نگر بر داغ اجتماعی و ناگویی خلقی مادران دارای کودک با اختلال اتیسم (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر در راستای تدوین بسته مداخله درمانی مبتنی بر نظریه انسان سالم و مقایسه اثربخشی آن با روان درمانی مثبت نگر بر داغ اجتماعی و ناگویی خلقی مادران دارای کودک با اختلال اتیسم انجام شد. روش این پژوهش، ترکیبی از نوع اکتشافی متوالی است. در بخش کیفی برای تدوین و اعتبارسنجی بسته از روش تحلیل مضمون قیاسی آتراید استرلینگ (2001) استفاده شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل تمام مقالات مرتبط در زمینه رویکرد انسان سالم و مداخلاتی بود که بر روی مادران دارای کودک با اختلال اتیسم انجام شده بود که تعداد آن به طور هدفمند و براساس ملاک های ورود درمجموع با 52 پژوهش به اشباع نظری رسید؛ همچنین از توافق بین 6 نفر از متخصصان روان شناسی برای تعیین روایی محتوایی استفاده شد که درنهایت، پایایی بین ارزیاب ها 88/0 به دست آمد. نتایج تحلیل مضمون نشان دهنده این بود که 18 مضمون پایه در 8 مضمون سازمان دهنده (رضایت و لذت بردن از زندگی، دوست داشتن مخلوق و خود، فراشناخت، آرامش، شادی، امید، جاری بودن و معنا) به دست آمد و بسته مداخله درمانی براساس فراوانی آنها تدوین شد. روش پژوهش در بخش کمی شامل طرح نیمه آزمایشی سه گروهی- سه مرحله ای بود که درنهایت، در هر گروه با احتساب ریزش آماری 14 نفر قرار گرفتند. جامعه آماری هم در مطالعه پایلوت و هم در بخش مطالعه اصلی نیز شامل کلیه مادران کودکان مبتلا به اختلال اتیسم مراجعه کننده به مراکز اتیسم در سطح شهر اصفهان در تیرماه سال 1401 بود. داده ها در هر سه مرحله با پرسشنامه مقیاس داغ اجتماعی رضایی دهنوی و همکاران (۱۳۸۸)، مقیاس ناگویی هیجانی تورنتو (20-TAS) گردآوری شد. بسته روان درمانی مثبت نگر رشید و سلیگمن (2013) طی 8 جلسه و بسته مداخله درمانی مبتنی بر نظریه انسان سالم طی 9 جلسه 90 دقیقه ای اجرا شد. یافته های تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر نشان دهنده آن بود که هر دو بسته مداخله درمانی مبتنی بر نظریه انسان سالم و روان درمانی مثبت نگر باعث کاهش داغ اجتماعی و ناگویی خلقی مادران دارای کودک با اختلال اتیسم شده و این اثربخشی در طول زمان ماندگار بوده است (05/0≥p)؛ درنتیجه بین اثربخشی دو بسته مداخله درمانی در مرحله پس آزمون و پیگیری تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت و از این مداخلات درمانی برای بهبود داغ اجتماعی و ناگویی خلقی مادران دارای فرزند مبتلا به اتیسم استفاده می شود.Developing a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on social stigma and emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism disorder
The current research was carried out in line with the development of a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on on social stigma, emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism. The method of this research was a combination of sequential exploratory type . In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children, the number of which reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was used to determine the Content Validity Ratio and finally the coefficient of the evaluators was 0.88. The results of the theme analysis indicated that 18 basic themes were obtained in 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning) and the therapeutic intervention package was based on Their frequency was compiled. Research method in the quantitative part; It included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which finally included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism disorders who referred to autism centers in Isfahan city in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by Social stigma scale’s Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on the healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase has been (p≥0.05). As a result, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in the post-test and follow-up phase, and these therapeutic interventions can be used to improve on social stigma, emotional malaise in mothers with autistic children. Introduction The current research was carried out in line with the development of a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on on social stigma, emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism. The method of this research was a combination of sequential exploratory type . In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children, the number of which reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was used to determine the Content Validity Ratio and finally the coefficient of the evaluators was 0.88. The results of the theme analysis indicated that 18 basic themes were obtained in 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning) and the therapeutic intervention package was based on Their frequency was compiled. Research method in the quantitative part; It included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which finally included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism disorders who referred to autism centers in Isfahan city in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by Social stigma scale’s Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on the healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase has been (p≥0.05). As a result, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in the post-test and follow-up phase, and these therapeutic interventions can be used to improve on social stigma, emotional malaise in mothers with autistic children.Keywords: Healthy human theory, Social stigma, Positive psychotherapy, Emotional malaise, Autism. Introduction MethodThe current study used a combination of sequential exploratory method. In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of the healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children. The research community reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was considered to determine the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Finally, the coefficient of the evaluators turned to be 0.88. Research method in the quantitative part included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders who had referred to autism centers in Isfahan in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by means of Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) Social stigma scale and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes each. ResultsThe results of the content analysis of the qualitative section reached 18 basic themes with 8 organizing ones (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving the creatures and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning). The therapeutic intervention package was based on their frequency. After the compilation and final approval of the therapeutic intervention package, a pilot (preliminary) study was conducted. The results of the study showed that the difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test in the variables of social hotness and dyslexia in the preliminary sample of the study are significantly different(p≤0.05). Descriptive findings indicated that the average of social anxiety and aphasia in the intervention groups (positive psychotherapy and therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory) has a greater decrease in the post-test and follow-up stages than the pre-test compared to the control group. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism spectrum, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase (p≥0.05). Table 1. The results of the analysis of between-subject effects in the study variablesstatistical poweretapFmean squaresdfsum of squaresSourcevariable.82.223.0075.596431.46212862.92groupsocial stigma 1150.083944853.04error .99.381.00177.991680.8023361.61groupemotional malaise 140.11395464.45error Conclusion:Considering the limitations of the study based on generalizations due to the limited population, it is suggested that the current study be conducted on mothers with children with Down syndrome disorders, mental-motor disabilities, and autism levels (mild, moderate, and severe), and its results be compared with the current study. Also, considering that a review of articles was used to develop a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory, it is suggested that future studies, through interviews with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, develop a more specific package that is in line with the problems of parents. In general, according to the results of the study, it is suggested that these interventions be included in the mental health programs of exceptional children's centers as preventive and promoting strategies for the mental health of parents, especially mothers with exceptional children. Also, the trustees of psychological centers and statistical survey health centers in order to identify families with autistic children or other psychological disorders can use these interventions to hold training courses and psychotherapy workshops for members of families with autistic children.MethodThe current study used a combination of sequential exploratory method. In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of the healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children. The research community reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was considered to determine the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Finally, the coefficient of the evaluators turned to be 0.88. Research method in the quantitative part included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders who had referred to autism centers in Isfahan in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by means of Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) Social stigma scale and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes each. ResultsThe results of the content analysis of the qualitative section reached 18 basic themes with 8 organizing ones (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving the creatures and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning). The therapeutic intervention package was based on their frequency. After the compilation and final approval of the therapeutic intervention package, a pilot (preliminary) study was conducted. The results of the study showed that the difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test in the variables of social hotness and dyslexia in the preliminary sample of the study are significantly different(p≤0.05). Descriptive findings indicated that the average of social anxiety and aphasia in the intervention groups (positive psychotherapy and therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory) has a greater decrease in the post-test and follow-up stages than the pre-test compared to the control group. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism spectrum, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase (p≥0.05). Table 1. The results of the analysis of between-subject effects in the study variablesstatistical poweretapFmean squaresdfsum of squaresSourcevariable.82.223.0075.596431.46212862.92groupsocial stigma 1150.083944853.04error .99.381.00177.991680.8023361.61groupemotional malaise 140.11395464.45error Conclusion:Considering the limitations of the study based on generalizations due to the limited population, it is suggested that the current study be conducted on mothers with children with Down syndrome disorders, mental-motor disabilities, and autism levels (mild, moderate, and severe), and its results be compared with the current study. Also, considering that a review of articles was used to develop a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory, it is suggested that future studies, through interviews with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, develop a more specific package that is in line with the problems of parents. In general, according to the results of the study, it is suggested that these interventions be included in the mental health programs of exceptional children's centers as preventive and promoting strategies for the mental health of parents, especially mothers with exceptional children. Also, the trustees of psychological centers and statistical survey health centers in order to identify families with autistic children or other psychological disorders can use these interventions to hold training courses and psychotherapy workshops for members of families with autistic children.
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