بررسی نقش میانجی گری باورهای لذت بردن در رابطه بین عملکرد خانواده، رضایت از زندگی و افسردگی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش میانجی گری باورهای لذت بردن در رابطه بین عملکرد خانواده، رضایت از زندگی و افسردگی بود. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی و معادلات ساختاری و جامعه آماری شامل کلیه زنان و مردان متأهل ساکن شهر اصفهان در سال 1401-1400 بودند که از بین آنها 250 نفر ازطریق نمونه گیری دردَسترس انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه های باورهای لذت بردن بریانت (2003)، رضایت از زندگی داینر و همکاران (1985)، عملکرد خانوادگی موس و موس (2009) و مقیاس افسردگی کرونکه و همکاران (2001) پاسخ دادند. برای تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزارهای SPSS23 و AMOS23 و روش های همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. نتایج رابطه مثبت و معنادار بین عملکرد خانوادگی، رضایت از زندگی و باورهای لذت بردن و رابطه منفی و معناداری با افسردگی را نشان دادند (001/0p<). همچنین، اثر غیرمستقیم عملکرد خانوادگی با افسردگی ازطریق میانجی گری باورهای لذت بردن و عملکرد خانوادگی و رضایت از زندگی ازطریق باورهای لذت بردن تأیید شد (05/0p<). یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد باورهای لذت بردن (لذت بردن از تجربیات مثبت) نقش مهمی به عنوان یک همبسته مهم در پیامدهای روان شناختی خانواده های ایرانی دارد؛ درنتیجه، می توان از یافته های این پژوهش برای بهبود مسائل روان شناختی زوج ها در ایران استفاده کرد.The Mediating Role of Savoring Beliefs in the Relationship among Family Functioning, Life Satisfaction and Depression
This study investigated the mediating role of savoring beliefs in the relationship among family functioning, life satisfaction and depression. The research method was descriptive (of correlational and structural equations modeling (SEM)). A total of 250male and female participants were selected from among married males and females in Isfahan using purposive sampling method according to the inclusion and the exclusion criteria. They filled out Adaptive Family functioning scale, Savoring Beliefs Inventory, Depressive Symptoms scale, and Diener’s Satisfaction with Life scale. Data analysis was conducted through Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling using SPSS (version 23) and AMOS23. The results showed a positive and significant relationship among family functioning, life satisfaction and savoring beliefs. The results indicated a negative and significant relationship between the above-mentioned variables and depression (p < 0.001). In addition, the indirect effect of family functioning on depression was mediated through savoring beliefs, and that of family functioning while life satisfaction was mediated through savoring beliefs (p <0.05). The findings of this study emphasized the role of savoring beliefs (i.e., enjoying positive experiences) as an important correlation in the psychological consequences of Iranian families. As a result, the findings of this study can be used to improve the psychological problems of couples in Iran.
introduction
Positive psychology is one of the newest branches of psychology; many research studies have confirmed the importance of this psychological approach in both individual and marital life (James & Walters, 2020). One of the well-formed concepts in the field of positive psychology and communication is the concept of savoring (Pitts, 2019). With regard to marital savoring, we can refer to Oien’s (2019) study which showed that savoring in the relationship through savoring the memory or common experiences has constructive effects on the strength of marital relationship (Oien, 2019).
One of the variables related to savoring in this study is life satisfaction. Regarding the relationship between savoring beliefs and life satisfaction, it seems that people improve their life satisfaction while experiencing positive events through using savoring strategies such as focusing on the present, expressing how much a person enjoys life and current positive events with his wife, and re-experiencing the same events (Quoidbach etal, 2010).
Another variable investigated in this study is depression. Regarding the relationship between savoring beliefs and depression, it can be stated that savoring strategies strengthen positive emotions, and are associated with a greater frequency of positive emotions, which reduces depression (Gentzler etal, 2015; Quoidbach etal, 2010). Finally, another variable investigated in this study is family functioning. Manzi et al.’s study (2010) showed that if the family relationships of young people are cohesive, their life satisfaction will probably be relatively high; it will reduce depression (Manzi et al, 2010). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role of savoring beliefs in the relationship among family functioning, life satisfaction and depression.
Materials &Method
The current study was descriptive-correlational using structural equations. The statistical population included all married men and women living in Isfahan in 2021-2022. From among them, 250 individuals were selected through convenience sampling method. They filled out the questionnaires of Adaptive Family functioning scale, Savoring Beliefs Inventory, Depressive Symptoms scale, and Diener’s Satisfaction with Life scale. Data analysis was conducted through Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling using SPSS (version 23) and AMOS23.
Findings
The findings of the present study indicated a positive and significant correlation among family functioning, life satisfaction and depression. In addition, there was a negative and significant relationship between these variables and depression (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the fit indices of the model, including NFI, GFI and CFI, were estimated to be 0.980, 0.988 and 0.994, respectively (they were all higher than the acceptable value of 0.90). The RMSEA index was 0.04, the model was appropriate. Moreover, the coefficients of the direct path of family functioning to life satisfaction (β = 0.50) and depression (β = 0.36), and savoring beliefs to life satisfaction (β = 0.36) and depression (β = -0.19) were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Finally, the data confirmed the mediating role of savoring beliefs in the relationship among family functioning, depression and life satisfaction (P < 0.005).
Discussion and conclusion
This research study was conducted with the objective of investigating the mediating role of savoring beliefs in the relationship among family functioning, life satisfaction and depression. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship among family functioning, life satisfaction and savoring beliefs and a negative and significant relationship between the above-mentioned variables and depression. Furthermore, the indirect effect of family functioning on depression was confirmed through the mediation of savoring beliefs. The indirect effect of family functioning on life satisfaction was confirmed through savoring beliefs. As the findings of this study showed, family functioning was an important predictor of depression and life satisfaction. The family’s functioning improves through more cohesion and expression and less conflict in the family. As a result, an individual may experience more satisfaction and less depression with life. These findings are consistent with those of Heaven et al.’s (1996) study. Another finding of this study indicated the mediating role of savoring beliefs (as a mediator) in the relationship among family functioning, depression symptoms and life satisfaction. This finding is consistent with those of Garland et al.’s (2015) study. According to Bryant’s (2003) study, people have more ability to savor through recalling a pleasant memory because the process of remembering positive events and memories becomes easy and habitual for them over time. On the other hand, savoring through expecting positive events in the future can also make people happy in some cases. Therefore, the results of this research study can be added to the existing literature on family counseling in the field of the mediating role of savoring beliefs in relationship among family functioning, life satisfaction and depression among married men and women in Iran.
Limitations of the study
The current study is correlational. Therefore, it is not possible to use causal inferences in examining the findings of this study. Hence, future experimental research studies are recommended. Moreover, the current study only used a self-report questionnaire to evaluate the variables; it is suggested to use other methods such as interviews, behavioral observations, physiological evaluations, or interviews in future studies.
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