پدیده شناسی زمان در حفاظت و مرمت آثار تاریخی و فرهنگی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در این مقاله پدیده شناسی زمان به عنوان بعد چهارم و اصل موجودیّت اجسام در حفاظت و مرمت انجام شده است. مسأله این است، بعد زمان در آثار چیست؛ چگونه مورد شناسایی قرار می گیرد؛ چه نقشی در حفاظت و مرمت دارد. برای حل مسأله با راهبرد پدیده شناسی زمان انحای پدیدار شدن آن بر آگاهی انسان تحلیل شده است؛ بدین قرار زمان با رویداد، فرهنگ مادّه ای ، لایه های فرسودگی، مکان و انسان معادل است و بر آگاهی پدیدار و تقویم می شود. در نتیجه بر مبنای شناخت پدیده شناسانه ی زمان و ارتباط آن با اصل موجودیّت اثر، حفاظت سطوح فرسوده به عنوان انباشت لایه های اکنون ضروری است؛ سنجش فرسودگی ها بر مبنای اصول زمان مندی مادّه و ارتباط آن با حرکت و دگرگونی امکان زمان سنجی، تحلیل های آسیب شناسی، اتّخاذ روش های مناسب حفاظت بهینه را فراهم می کند. پدیده شناسی زمان، انسان را در افق اهداف فرایندهای مداخله ای اثر قرار داده و پاسخگوی سؤالات اساسیِ حفاظت و مرمت پست مدرن است و افزون بر آنالیز مادّه ا ی، آنالیز فرامادّه ای اثر را نیز مقرّر می کند. با تمرکز بر مفهوم فرهنگ مادّه ای، زمان بدن مند یا زمان انسانی نیز علاوه بر زمان ساخت، زمان سپری شده، زمان مواجهه با اثر، در مرمت مطرح میشود. حفاظت بقایای گذشته، سبب فهم گذشته در زمان حال و آغاز فرایند انتقال گذشته از حال و هم زیستی آن با آینده است.phenomenological study of time in conservation and restoration of cultural heritage
This is a phenomenological study in which phenomenology of time has been accomplished to achieve a theory in the field of restoration and conservation of cultural heritage. The time based on the views of thinkers is considered as the fourth dimension and the principle of the existence of objects, including the principle of the existence of cultural heritage. The main problem of research is that time as the fourth dimension in cultural heritage how can be distinguished and investigated and what is its function in restoration process. For solving this problem the phenomenological methodology is applied. Accordingly, time through event, material culture, place, human and the layers of frazzle in historical and cultural works can be appear and constitute in human consciousness. On the basis of the fundamental relationship of time with the principle of the existence of cultural heritage, it as much as possible the protection of the layers of extinction in historical works as an accumulation of the now layers have been emphasized. Measurement and study of the technology of the layers of historical works and burnout created during the transit of time on the level of historical and cultural monuments based on the principles of temporal of material and its relation to motion and change, the possibility of timeliness studies and pathological analysis in historical and cultural works has been provided. Also, studying and identifying the burnout layers in addition to evidence of time can be effective in choosing appropriate and optimal methods for conservation and restoration in order to preserve the durability of historical and cultural monuments. The phenomenology of time in the field of conservation and restoration of historical and cultural monuments, targeting human beings on its theoretical horizon, answering fundamental questions in the postmodern conservation and restoration, and beyond ordinary studies within the scope of the material analysis of monuments, provides the conservation and restoration with humanity and ultra-material analysis status. Based on the phenomenological method of time, focusing on the concept of event and material culture and their fundamental relationship with time, the preservation and restoration of historical and cultural remnants of the past is in fact the protection and maintenance of time. According to this research, the time in the four stages of the production of historical works, the time elapsed for the historical work as its life, and the time of encountering the historical monuments with consciousness of the restorer, and based on the subjective concepts of time like embodiment and material culture, the human time. Each of which, in the theory of the phenomenology of time has its own particular study position, and when the historical and cultural monuments encounter with the consciousness of the restorer, it is a methodological moment, the moment in which understanding takes place. Understanding the past in terms of the historical and cultural monuments left by it at the present time when this understanding initiates the process of conservation and restoration of these monuments in order to transfer past through the present to the future and coexisting past with the future.
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