تحلیلی بر آیین قربانی میترا و نمادهای آن بر اساس آثار هنری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
قربانی، یکی از معروف ترین مناسک دینی و مذهبی در طول تاریخ است؛ که در اکثر ادیان، به شکلی برگزار می گردد. مناسک قربانی، اعمالی است که انسان با یک سلسله اعمال، هدایایی به پیشگاه خدایان تقدیم می نماید. قربانی گاو، به دست میترا، مهم ترین نکته در آئین میترا است. این صحنه، در تمام عبادتگاه های کشف شده آیین میترا تکرار می شود. قربانی گاو، برای حاصلخیز نمودن زمین، برای اولین بار در تاریخ بشر در مکتب میترا متداول شد و بعدها به ادیان دیگر کشیده شد. پیروزی خیر، موضوع اساسی غالب نقش های مهری است. اصولاً در کشتن گاو، مساله آفرینش است، یعنی مرگ و رستاخیز؛ موضوعی که همه ساله تجدید می شود. این مقاله به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی است که هدف آن تجزیه و تحلیل فلسفه قربانی در آئین میترا که با توجه به آثار هنری به جای مانده در سرزمینهای اروپایی است . و نتیجه می گیرد که نقوش برجسته در صحنه های قربانی میترا بیانگر مفاهیم نجومی ، تجسم کیهان ، نجات و رستگاری انسان و برکت و تداوم حیات می باشد که همه و همه ناشی از تاملی عمیق بر پیچیدگیهای ارتباط میان تمام موجودات است.An analytical study on the sacrifice of Mithra and its symbols based on art relics
The sacrifice of bull is the most important religious costume in the Mithraism and has been related to another ceremonies. In the bas-relives of Europe, Mithra has always been killing the bull” tauroctony”. The sacrifice of the bull is the symbol of the creation; killing of the new bull is creating new life, and this concept is located at the center of ancient beliefs and secrets, which represents life, death and resurrection. The philosophy of killing of bull by with various symbols has been interpreted by scholars, which mainly expresses the astronomical concepts, the embodiment of the universe, and the deliverance and salvation of human, which all of them expresses the deep contemplation on complexities of relationships between all beings. In interpretation of the sacrifice scene, many scholars have theorized, but with all the different opinions, everybody thinks that the "auroctony " is a scene of salvation, A fact that has been considered and believed by believers will lead them to salvation through the taking advantage of eternal blood and joining God in eternity. This article has attempted by approach of descriptively-analytically, to analyze the philosophy of bull sacrifice by Mithra, which forms the main axis of Mithraism, by relying on artistic works. They believed that whole world to be exist from the sacrifice of a bull, and Mithra sacrifices himself and kills the bull, then he ascends. In other words, it is itself sacrificed. This scene is more symbolic and religious aspect not a real event of life. The triumph of the Mithra on the elderly bull is one of the requirements of the winter revolution and the rise of light over the darkness, the heat on the cold and the spring over the winter. The Mithraeists believed that the use of flesh and blood of bull would become a new life. The flesh and blood of the cat do not only exert physical power, also purify the soul, and have a beneficial effect upon the resurrection in eternal bliss. Some scholars such as Kristen Sen and Louise have concluded from these considerations that Mitra wanted to create a mystical unity with the cattle. Therefore, identity of Mithra identified in the scene of the bull sacrifice; he is the creator of nature and re-casting, the savior who intervenes in the system of nature, to bring goodness and spiritual happiness to humans. This is where the most amazing Mitra's story, which is an interesting scene of the creation, comes into being: from the bull's body, the beneficial plants, and they cover the whole earth. The wheat grow up of his spine, and from his blood, a vine leaves, to provide a sacred drink. Ahriman orders his Followers to attack the bull's carcasses, to destroy the source of life, infecting with oppression; the scallop is tied to the testicle of the animal, so that its organ contaminates it with poison, but the miracle of creation Occurring. This scene is repeated in all the discovered temples of Mitra.
تبلیغات
