مطالعه تطبیقی تصاویر نسخ چاپ سنگی و کاشی های مصور دوره قاجار (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در این مقاله تلاش می شود با مطالعه تطبیقی تصاویر منقوش بر کاشی های دوره قاجار، به چگونگی تاثیر پذیری آنها از آثار چاپ سنگی پرداخته شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، شناسایی یکی از منابع الهام کاشی نگاران دوره قاجار در تولید کاشی های مصور است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که رواج و کثرت نسخ چاپ سنگی از جمله عواملی است که موجب گسترش هنرهای تصویری و رواج واقع گرایی به شیوه اروپایی در نیمه حکومت قاجار شده است. زیرا آثار چاپ سنگی به سهولت در اختیار سایر هنرمندان قرار می گرفت؛ لذا بسیاری از هنرها از جمله هنر کاشی کاری را تحت تاثیر خود قرار داد. از مقایسه میان تصاویر نسخ چاپ سنگی و کاشی های این دوره، نمونه های بارزی شناسایی شدند که آشکارا تاثیرپذیری نقاشی روی کاشی را از فنون و روش های تصویرسازی آثار چاپ سنگی اثبات می کند. این تصاویر در آغاز با سلایق هنر هندی، در هندوستان شکل گرفتند و پس از ورود به ایران، توسط کاشی نگاران ایرانی تقلید شده اند. نمونه های کاشی نگاری موجود در عمارت کاخ گلستان و نیز نمونه های موجود در مجموعه های خصوصی منسوب به شهر اصفهان، گواه بر این ادعا هستند. این پژوهش از لحاظ ماهیت و روش توصیفی_ تحلیلی است و روش گردآوری اطلاعات، کتابخانه ای و مشاهده ای بوده استComparative Study of Manuscript Images Lithography and Illustrated Tiles in the Qajar Period
: This article attempts a comparative study of the tiles illustrated with pictures of the Qajar period, how they get influence of such images in works of lithography like pictures in newspapers and books. Purpose: The purpose and aim of this study is to identify one of the sources of inspiration of tile painters in Qajar period in production of illustrated tiles. Lithography or lithographic is one of the latest styles of traditional Iranian art of the Qajar era and the extension provided works that role in shaping the visual culture of that period. The popularity of this art among the people established the relationship between images of lithography and other Iranian arts. By studying the characteristics of Qajar art lithographs' works is determined that image makers have their most striking features of the Qajar painting works on display. The result of this inquiry says that spread and multiplication of copies of lithography, including factors that promote the development of visual art and spread of realism to the European style in half of Qajar rule because the results and works was easily available to other artists and tile painters. So affect on many branches of art such as art of tiling. A comparison between manuscript images and pictures of lithography and tiles of this period, the samples were identified that apparently reveal and prove the affected of painting on tiles of lithography works and influence the tile painting techniques and methods of imaging lithography. Tile art illustrations and imaging techniques applied to the printed images of the images used by the artists tile painters and they reveal their impact and effect on their own image tiles. In the beginning the pictures were formed with the taste of Indian art and in India and formed after arrival in Iran have been intimated by Iranian tile painters and Iranian journalists. Samples of tile painting in Golestan Palace Mansion, and also in private collections attributed to the city, Isfahan, are evidence of this claim. Since the Iranian version of the Shahnameh inspired of the old Hindi version, there is no doubt that this reflects the impact and the issue of "Hindi-style" on the latest version of Iran. So tile artists that used the examples and samples of printing different stone tiles in order to visualizing the design on the tiles also enjoyed and used of the existing samples. So the images of the tiles have been used often in the palace building, editions of Hindi and their visual elements are also seen. The study is the result of research which is descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature and methods and the style of data collection has been observational and from library. Research is not a field. Based on this study, in the beginning the influence of the works of tile writing in Qajar period is described and demonstrated of manuscript images lithography and then explain why and how these effects are created. So you get that how tile writers in Qajar have used the visual and technical characteristics of lithography in order to complete their writing style tiles.
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