تبیین جامعه شناختی علل تحول فرش ایرانی در دوره صفویه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هنگام مطالعه فرش ایرانی از پیدایش فرش پازیریک تاکنون، به گواه داده های تاریخی و تخصصی بی شمار، یک دوره زمانی مشخص در تاریخ ایران وجود دارد که تحول فرش ایرانی را در تمامی ابعاد ( شیوه تولید، میزان تولید، نقش مایه ها، طرح ها و غیره) در پی داشته است. اگر فرش ایرانی را به مثابه یک نشانه در نظر بگیریم با در نظر گرفتن ارتباط میان امر نمادین با امر اجتماعی، این سوال ایجاد می شود که اگر این نشانه (فرش ایرانی) در دوره ای خاصی از تاریخ (صفویه) متحول شده است، این تحول تحت چه شرایط و در چه زمینه های اجتماعی و اقتصادی صورت پذیرفته است؟ هدف این است که با رویکردی جامعه شناسانه با استفاده از تحلیل سامانه های اجتماعی، این مدعا که«فرش ایرانی ماحصل ترکیب پیچیده ای از عوامل تاریخی، اجتماعی و ایدئولوژیک است» تبیین گردد. روش این جستار «تاریخیت باوری» با استفاده از بررسی های اسنادی می باشد.A sociological explanation of the evolution of Iranian carpet during Safavid Dynasty
In this paper the sociological approach of Janet Wolff and John Thompson is used to identify and interpret the relationship between the evolution of Persian carpet and its social context. The social context includes socio-economic, ideologican and political conditions surronding this evolution. To study Persian carpet from the Pazric rug from its initiation to the present time, based on numorous historical and specialised data , we have to focus on a certain period of Iranian history which led to the transformation of Iranian carpet in terms of all its characteristics including production method , production quantity , designs and plan . If we look at Iranian carpet as a cultural sign, an important question comes to our mind is that “ if this artistic sign, that is Persian carpet, has been changed during Safavid era, under what conditions and in what social, ideological and economical fields , this change has happened ? In contrast to some aesthetical and traditional findings ,using a sociological approach and based on an analysis of social and ideological orders , we suggest that Iranian carpet is a complicated mixture of historical, societal and ideological factors.
Our findings show that while before the period under investigation, carpet has been considered only as a means of living. During the Safavid Dynasty, it gained a distinguished artistic status and was considered as a national skill and therefore a national pride. This change in status occurred under spesific social conditions which the authors of the present article have attempted to explain.
In this paper the sociological approach of Janet Wolff and John Thompson is used to identify and interpret the relationship between the evolution of Persian carpet and its social context. The social context includes socio-economic, ideologican and political conditions surronding this evolution. To study Persian carpet from the Pazric rug from its initiation to the present time, based on numorous historical and specialised data , we have to focus on a certain period of Iranian history which led to the transformation of Iranian carpet in terms of all its characteristics including production method , production quantity , designs and plan . If we look at Iranian carpet as a cultural sign, an important question comes to our mind is that “ if this artistic sign, that is Persian carpet, has been changed during Safavid era, under what conditions and in what social, ideological and economical fields , this change has happened ? In contrast to some aesthetical and traditional findings ,using a sociological approach and based on an analysis of social and ideological orders , we suggest that Iranian carpet is a complicated mixture of historical, societal and ideological factors.
Our findings show that while before the period under investigation, carpet has been considered only as a means of living. During the Safavid Dynasty, it gained a distinguished artistic status and was considered as a national skill and therefore a national pride. This change in status occurred under spesific social conditions which the authors of the present article have attempted to explain.
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