کلیشه های جنسیتی و اطلاق جنسیت به یک اثر هنری: مطالعه موردی "نقاشی رئال و انتزاعی" (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
شکل گیری کلیشه های جنسیتی ماحصل برداشت از تفاوت زیستی بین جنس ها است که منجر به واگذاری نقش ها به جنسی خاص می شود و در پی آن ترجیحات و انتظارات از جنس ها را به وجود می آورند که به عنوان نوعی پیش زمینه تمامی مناسبات اجتماعی و فرهنگی را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد و موجب عدم قضاوت صحیح آن ها می گردد. این پدیده در دنیای هنر نیز امکان پذیر است. در پژوهش حاضر بازتاب تقابل دو شیوه فکری منطقی و احساسی در دو سبک نقاشی انتزاعی و رئالیستی مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد تا با تکیه بر این امر به این مقوله دست یابد که تا چه میزان کلیشه های جنسیتی در انتساب یک اثر هنری به زنان یا مردان تأثیر گذار است؟ روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع پیمایشی و میدانی و با اتکا به روش های تجربی و به شیوه کمی است و به منظور سنجش فرضیه پژوهش از ابزار گمانه زنی جنسیت خالق اثر هنری استفاده شده است. تحلیل عاملی پرسشنامه مزبور نشان می دهد که در انتساب سبک اثر هنری به جنسیتی خاص (آثار انتزاعی به مردان و آثار رئالیستی به زنان)، پیش زمینه های فکری و کلیشه های جنسیتی مؤثر است و اطلاق جنسیت به پدیدآورنده اثر هنری با هیچ یک از عوامل جمعیت شناختی همبستگی معناداری ندارد.Gender Stereotypes And The Relation Of Gender To A Work Of Art (Casestudy: Real and Abstract paintings)
Gender Differences Arise From The Interaction Between Gender Physics And The Economic And Social Aspects Of Societies. This Approach Leads To The Emergence Of Characteristics Unique To Each Sex, Psychologically And Physically, And Ultimately The Acceptance Of These Characteristics By The Sexes Themselves, Societies And Cultures, Stereotypes And Gender Axioms. They Bring. Adopting These Stereotypes, Gender Patterns As A Background Affect All Relationships, Behaviors, And Social And Cultural Norms Of The Sexes. Behavioral Stereotypes That Always Exist In Evaluating The Performance Of Men And Women In Society Are The Differences Between The Way Of Thinking Of These Two Sexes And The Attribution Of Rational Behavior To Male Gender And Emotional Behavior To Female Gender. In Art, The Difference Between These Two Ways Of Thinking Is Reflected In Abstract And Realistic Works. Based On These Two Dimensions Of Mental Stereotypes In Society,It Seems That More Abstract And Geometric Works Are Considered Masculine And Realistic Works That Express A Kind Of Feeling Are Considered More Feminine. While Men And Women Do Not Differ Much In Terms Of Orientation Towards Different Arts And Also The Degree Of Success In Achieving Their Goals In Art. Based On This Assumption, In Addition To The Existence Of Various Styles And Artistic Tendencies, The Main Core Of The Present Study Is The Study Of Works With Realistic Style And Abstract Works To Help Achieve This Category Of Whether Gender Stereotypes In Attribution Is A Work Of Art Effective For A Man Or A Woman? The Present Research Method Is Of Survey And Field Type And Has Been Done By Relying On Experimental Methods And Quantitative Method As Well As Studying And Reviewing Scientific Documents. In Order To Measure The Research Hypothesis (Gender And Social Maps Affect The Attribution Of Works Of Art To Men And Women), The Scale Of Speculation Of The Gender Of The Creator Of The Work Was Used. Findings Show That In The Application Of A Work Of Art To A Particular Genre, It Is Influenced By The Audience, Stereotypes Or Gender Ideas, As Well As Gender Roles. For Example, The Adaptation Of The External Space To Men And The Internal Space To Women Is Due Same Mental Stereotypes In Assigning Social Roles To Gender. In Other Words, Audience Of The Work, By Default, Imagines Women In The Home And Indoor Environment, Which Depends On The Descriptive And Obligatory Aspects Of Gender Roles That Are Accepted Among Some Cultures And Societies That Women Are Involved In Housework And Affairs. They Are Closely Related To Breeding. Another Common Attitude In Judging Gender Is Color. Participants Attributed Most Of The Works With Limited Color Spectrum To Men, As Opposed To Those With A Wide Range Of Colors And Red, Pink, And Orange. This Stereotypical Behavior Towards Men And Women Can Be The Result Of Accepting Superficial Differences Between The Sexes; Basically, Men Recognize A Limited Range Of Colors, While Women Tend To Be Pink, Red, And Orange, And Have A High Degree Of Color Recognition.
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