غزل های ابوالقاسم حالت با تکیه بر جنبه فنون گفتمان معنایی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
گفتمان معنا، رویکردی جدید در ادبیات و زبان شناسی است که با تأثیرپذیری از داده های علم پدیدارشناسی، دریچه ای بدیع را در مطالعات نشانه شناسی می گشاید. در این رویکرد، نشانه معناها طی فرایند گفتمانی ایجاد می شوند و در تعامل با یکدیگر، به گونه هایی سیّال، پویا، متکثّر، چندبعدی و تنشی تبدیل می شود. سروده های ابوالقاسم حالت به دلیل داشتن ماهیت عاطفی از جنبه معناشناختی شایسته مطالعه و بررسی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تجزیه وتحلیل گزیده ای از غزلیات این شاعر در ابعاد مختلف رویکردهای گفتمانی نظیر فرایند حسی ادراکی، فرایند عاطفی و فرایند زیبایی شناختی است. نتایج پژوهش به شیوه توصیفی- تحلیلی و برمبنای داده کاوی کتابخانه ای انجام شده که نشان می دهد روند تولید معنا در ذهن شاعر در فضایی غمناک و همراه با احساس تنهایی و غربت بوده است و شاعر تحت تأثیر گزاره های فقدان معشوق و ناامیدی از بازگشت معشوق به سرایش پرداخته و فشار عاطفی وی به دلیل نبود شوش گر عاطفی است. زاویه دید شاعر گزینشی است و در پرتو احساسات و ادراکات شاعر در رویارویی با موضوع فقدان معشوق که امری بیرونی است، جهت مند به سمت تولید معناهای بدیع و این نوع گفتمان معنا، حرکت کرده است.Investigating Abolghasem Halat's Sonnets using Semantic Discourse Methods
Introduction The semantic approach of discourse to reach semantic levels could be considered as a scientific and reliable method that gives new and remarkable findings through sentences, phrases, and finally the literary text, which is important from the point of view of literary research and provides a suitable context. It also provides a suitable context for linguistics and sociology of discourse on literary works. In terms of modern semantics, signs produce meaning in a process system. As such, sign-semantics is a term that shows the goals better. Regarding the choice of semantic approach to discourse, one should pay attention to the importance of the position of the satirist and the audience. It is necessary to make points about discourse and semantics. The concept of discourse, like concepts such as communication, interaction, society, and culture, is a concept for which there is no single definition, but common points can be found in the definitions of experts. Discourse is a form of language use, according to components such as who uses language, how, why, and when language is used. In this regard, three main dimensions are introduced: 1) the use of language, 2) communication between beliefs (cognition), and 3) interaction in social situations. Abolqasem Halat (1919-1992) was one of the most prolific and famous political satirists in the contemporary era. He was at the top of his field considering the diversity and multiplicity of his poems. Between his poetic works, three exclusively satiric books named Abol-eynak , Shookh , and Bantam were published in the time of the Pahlavi dynasty. In these books, Halat portrayed the political and social corruption of his own era with a critical view and in a plain and sarcastic tone. So far, there has been no research on Abolqasem Halat’s sonnets in the discourse system. Therefore, it is believed that the upcoming research is a novel study in this regard. The approach of sign-semantics is a new topic in the science of semiotics, which has been paid attention to by linguists and semioticians such as Grimas, Fontaine, Kurtz, and others in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the satirical poems of Abolghasem Halat using the semantic discourse approach. Materials and Methods The present descriptive-analytical study, first, deals with the lyric poems of the state based on the mentioned theory based on extracting the theoretical foundations of Garmas. In each section, according to the appropriateness of the subject processes, tables and diagrams were presented to make the concepts more objective. It should be noted that the selection of examples is random. Based on the purpose, the following hypotheses have been made: 1) Discourse in the works of Halat has caused the creation of an ‘open semantic system’; 2) he, in the introduction of the point of view, uses the technique of ‘perspective’ in order to organize the narrative information. Discussion The discourse of meaning is a new approach in literature and linguistics that, by being influenced by data related to the science of phenomenology, opens a new window in the study of semiotics. In this approach, the sign of meanings appears under the supervision of the discourse process, and in interaction with each other, it becomes fluid, dynamic, multiple, multidimensional, and tense. Abolghasem Halat's poems, due to their emotional nature, have a good potential for semantic studies. In general, “the knowledge of semiotics examines the types of signs, the factors present in the process of production and exchange and their interpretation, as well as the rules governing signs. Semiotics involves the study of the construction and formation of signs, allusions, significations, naming, analogies, allegories, metaphors, and communication codes. Signs are categorized based on the method or codes used to convey them, which can be specific sounds, alphabetic symbols, visual symbols, body movements, or even wearing special clothing. In order to convey the message, each of them must first be accepted by a group or community of people as a carrier of a special meaning” (Sojoudi, 2011, p. 128). The present study shows the appearance of meaning and the type of feeling and perception of the poet in dealing with the subject.Besides, the more hidden layers of meaning are expanded in the reader with the help of this method to get a better understanding of the effect. Conclusion The lyric of Abolghasem's songs ‘Your Song’ and ‘Depressed Heart’ is in the perceptual, emotional, and aesthetic senses. In the analysis of these two sonnets, we are faced with a perceptual sensory discourse that the flow of meaning production in these poems is fluid, dynamic, and open. The purposefulness of discourses is formed when the narrator targets the grief of losing a loved one and takes a position about it. In light of the poet's feelings, new meanings emerge from the cognitive position of loneliness and the absence of the beloved. This regret culminates during the discourse due to the cage of the beloved's house, the grief of his house, the stranger chicken being the narrator, and the discourse towards a certain meaning. In the light of the poet's worldview and the way he feels, the way to get rid of the night is to compose and speak. With the help of discourse processes in the lyric of ‘Your Song’, the poet's feeling and perception in the face of external phenomena is expanded in front of his eyes and the poet's feeling and perception directs the discourse. The poet has composed under the influence of the absence of the beloved and the feeling of loneliness. Regarding the tense processes of the two discourses, it was observed that both sonnets, due to their predominant emotional subject and the lack of sensory stimuli, bear the emotional burden with the role of sensory-perceptual agents and the emotional pressure of the absence of the beloved with increasing power. The poet has an omnipresent presence in all the discourses and has distanced himself from the surface manifestations by avoiding norms.
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