cyberspace

Islamophobia’s occurrence in any particular country has little do with the presence of Muslim; it is possible to be Islamophobic when there are virtually no Muslim around. This because the lack of Muslims is filled by the surplus of Islamophobic representations. This surplus of representations is now increasingly reliant on the internet. There are many studies reporting on Islamophobia on the internet, classifying the negative representations, the targeted acts of aggressive online behaviour (trolling) against Muslims. These studies are basically taxonomies, and they share this feature with general literature on Islamophobia, which is concerned with reporting instances of Islamophobia empirically with little time spent on its theorisation. Such an understanding of Islamophobia implies that it is simply dismissed as being a matter of prejudice, bias, and closed views. A Critical Muslim Studies understanding of Islamophobia developed initially in the collected volume Thinking Through Islamophobia (2010), and then subsequent publications shift the focus away positivism to decolonial discourse theory. Using decolonial discourse theory, this study will how online Islamophobia is not just a distortion of Islam, or hatred of Muslims but rather it main vectors for denying Muslim political consciousness.

Regarding the functions of the religion in contemporary world, the cyberspace can play a decisive role in teaching, research and call for the religion. Also in regard of practice of the religion and serving the humanity, this technology could be utilized and used as a very helpful instrument, but it depends on how to understand the religion and how to implement it. Ethics and Etiquette is needed for usage of this instrument. While we find that some of the extremists and terrorists are using it against the humanity and even against the fame and image of the religion, this makes a duty for the higher experts in the field of the ICT and cyberspace and also religious leaders to protect the younger generation and the future of the mankind.

The article is focused on Czech Muslim community and its efforts to educate, to raise public awareness and to create a dialog with Czech majority population using the internet, social networks and other modern cybernetic ways and tools. Special attention is put on Shia community in South Moravia region of Czech Republic and its recently opened Muslim Cultural Center Ahlulbayt followed by Facebook campaign and electronic media coverage. In the background of current so called migration crisis in Europe there is a huge impact of cyberspace on public opinion formed by anti-Islamic movements on one side and pro-refugees activists on the other. In Czech Republic, a state almost untouched by migration wave and with small Muslim community, the issue of Islam in Europe and its coexistence with Christian / atheist domestic population has become an important political topic. Islamic organizations face much pressure and responsibility for introducing their religious and political orientation. Cyberspace, the internet and social networks are highly effective option to distribute information and statements or to communicate with outside world with low costs and high impact. Analyzing these channels and their effectivity within Czech environment is one of the main aim of the article.

This paper, that will be presented in the First International Conference of Capacity and Impact of Cyberspace in Promoting Religious Education, October 19-20, 2017 in Al-Mustafa Open University, Iran, has an hypotesis that Islam is the great religion that could give the solid foundation for human being among modernism ideas and to describe the local wisdom that is always giving a good benefit to the moslem life and their surroundings in the digital or Internet time. This view had been analyzed on the ideas of Syeikh Muhammad Abduh, a great muslim scholar, revolutionary fatwa maker and also a great ulama in Egypt. To analyze his ideas and local wisdom, this paper use qualitative method with the combination of sources from academic journals, books and news about how moslem people nowadays can absorb the highlight ideas of Islam and local wisdom based on Abduh’s thougts. On the analysis part, this paper will write the short biography and the ideas of Abduh, especially his concept of “one ummah”, the definition of local wisdom based on Al-Quran and Hadist and the concept of modernism related to current islamic fatwa concerning local wisdom. Besides, this paper will relate those thoughts of Abduh with the condition of Indonesian moslems nowadays, based on current statistics and surveys, to value how much is Indonesian moslems think about the modern islamic political issues in the digital or Internet time. This paper is hoped to spread ideas that Islam is a good religion that can maintain local wisdom, eventhough at the same time, moslem people have to do jihad to defend their tauhid. Besides, this paper is also hoped to be a new perspective to the concept of local wisdom in the mind of western philosophy based on UN SDGs Agenda to preserve local wisdom, so that in the UN General Assembly, the honorable delegations could think about Islamic values within their policies about local wisdom in the digital or Internet time.

Interfaith dialogue in the contemporary world is one of the mostly advocated issues by moderate religious people. Ecumenical activities are being carried out worldwide either between people of the same faith; like Muslim to Muslim or Christian to Christian dialogue; or among people of different faith; like Muslim to Christian to Jewish dialogue. To achieve this goal, various mediums are being employed by different people at suitable time and place. Mediums such as conferences, workshops, debates and exchange of messages and letters are good examples employed for interfaith dialogue. Currently, the cyberspace is another medium employed and viewed by some people as the best for interfaith dialogue. The cyberspace on its own is used in different ways in this regard. It is an all-encompassing medium which can be used for conferences, workshops, debates and exchange of letters. This brief survey looks at the role of cyberspace in interfaith dialogue.

In the present paper, a translational model to psychoanalyze the cyberspace is presented with the argument that cyberspace is a translated version of human unconscious that projects both our unfulfilled desires and suppressed anxieties. This Freudian-based line of argument is followed by Lacanian (1950s)and Zizekian (2004) psychoanalysis to problematize the digitalization of Oedipus complex and the dialectic of castration and subjectivity within the cyberspace. By adopting a fuzzy logic-based approach, it is argued that cyberspace has both a panopticon-like and synopticon-like structure. The former is Oedipal in that it induces a sense of paranoia in the subjects and makes them symbolically castrated, but the latter is anti-Oedipal in that it promotes indeterminacy and pushes the subjects to the climax of self-subjectivity and subversion of the Oedipally determined identities. This is a counterargument to Zizek’s (2004) strong view that cyberspace is essentially anti-Oedipal, a transition from the symbolic castration structure to post-Oedipal libidinal economy. The central argument of the paper is that cyberspace is the realm of both the Imaginary and Symbolic Orders where both the pleasure and morality principles are at work and access to the Real Order is maximized.

This paper aims to probe the nature of possible responses to the actions taken by certain foreign companies to unilaterally terminate their services to the Iranian public and private Internet service providers. The paper examines specifically the procedural aspects of the issue and concludes that due to the lack of the biased nature of relationship between sysops and Internet users and the absence of an effective international body, it is highly unlikely that any legal action could bring about desired results. The paper, in the end, suggests some other non legal strategies as topics for the future research.

Purpose: Cyber social networks and cyberspace are like a double-edged sword that brings favorable and unfavorable consequences. The advantages cannot prevent us from neglecting its dangerous disadvantages that disregard the ethical principles and community values. The present research has been carried out to explain the factors related to the implementation of cyber social network policies in Iran with the social responsibility approach. Methodology: The research is descriptive and also developmental-practical in terms of objective. Three researcher-made questionnaires including the questionnaires of related factors, social responsibility and the implementation level of social network policies were used to collect data. The validity of questionnaires was approved according to the opinion of professors and experts. As well, the reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach alpha. The statistical population of this study includes two categories: the first group consists of experts selected by purposive non-random sampling method; the second group consists of experts in the field of cyberspace, cyber social networks, media and general issues selected by quota sampling. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS. Findings: The research results showed that among the relationships between factors related to the implementation of cyber social network policies in Iran, the technical factor had been identified as the most important external factor and the structural factors as the most important internal factor. The implementation level of cyber social network policies and social responsibility is lower than moderate. Discussion: According to the results of the model fit analysis as well as the experts’ opinion, it can be concluded that the designed model is not sufficiently effective.

Background: Despite the developments and progress in various fields of education, unfortunately, in the field of approaches and methods of moral and value education, especially in the field of cyberspace, no useful and sufficient efforts have been made. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explain the application of moral education based on the views of Allameh Tabatabai in cyberspace. Method: The present study was conducted in two parts: quantitative and qualitative. In the qualitative part; an inferential analytical approach was used. The research community of all books and commentaries (20 volumes of Al-Mizan commentary) is Allameh Tabatabai. Coverage sections are the subject of postgraduate training and were purposefully selected and sampled. Data were analyzed by inferential method. In a small part; the statistical population was Quranic and philosophy specialists in education, from which 14 people (5 Quranic specialists and 9 philosophical and educational specialists) were selected by convenience sampling method. The instrument of the questionnaire was a researcher-made qualitative section and the data were analyzed by Lawshe content panel evaluation method. Results: The results of the research indicate that according to Allameh Tabatabai, the principles of moral education are: education based on knowledge, guardianship and nearness to God, etc. Also, Allameh aims to achieve monotheistic education, cognition, self-knowledge, perfection. He considered human beings and the need for harmony in the development of values. And considers the method of warning and evangelism accessible. Conclusion: The golden point of applying Allameh's moral theory in cyberspace is to awaken the inner restraint in people, in which the role of guides is very important and vital. Article number: 3

Introduction: Identifying the moral damages of the cyberspace used by students can effectively play a role in the correct use of this space, with the understanding of this importance, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the moral damages caused by the lifestyle of students affected by the cyberspace. Material and Methods: The method of the current research is practical in terms of its purpose and it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data collection. The qualitative research method was content analysis with an inductive approach. The participants of the qualitative part of the research, the students of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province, who were aware and knowledgeable about the moral damages of cyberspace, the purposeful theoretical sampling method was used with 12 people. The estimation of the desired sample size was done based on the theoretical saturation of the data. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview. Triangulation method and Christiansen angle technique were used to check the validity in the qualitative part. The research method was descriptive-survey quantitative. The statistical population included all the students of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province (N=43), 399 were examined using stratified random sampling method through Cochran's formula. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Data analysis was done using confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS22 and Amos statistical software. Results: The results of the survey showed that the moral damages caused by the way of life of students affected by cyber space include emerging and classic social damages, educational-cultural damages, political damages, security damages, psychological damages, and physiological damages. Conclusion: As a result, to reduce moral damages, it is possible to pay attention to the identified damages.

This study seeks to identify and describe believable and probable scenarios about the future engagement of children in cyberspace from the perspective of futures studies. Children's and adolescents’ access to the Internet and network-based technologies is becoming increasingly prevalent. So explaining the key factors and uncertainties affecting this phenomenon requires a comprehensive insight into current and emerging trends and the change drivers. For this purpose, after reviewing several useful technological and social trends, using scenario-based planning methodology, questionnaire tools and expert panel, 28 effective factors, ten key factors, and five driver forces (with uncertainty) were identified. Then, structural analysis and scenario logic explanations have been performed by Micmac, Scenario wizards, and cross-impact matrix analysis. Accordingly, the four scenarios of “salmon in the pool”, “salmon in the river”, “guppy in the tank”, and “goldfish in the pond” have been identified and narrated for the future of Iranian children's engagement in cyberspace. The findings of this study provide a more comprehensive understanding of believable futures while emphasizing the importance of engaging and addressing the interests of audiences and the needs of stakeholders in designing relevant strategies and broadening the horizons of decision-makers toward future alternatives.

Framing is a familiar concept but with a scattered history in several fields of the humanities and social sciences, which seems can be widely used in socio-political studies in the case of a conceptual-operational revision. In this paper, after conceptual rethinking of the term in several theoretical contexts, and especially in the media domain, the author strived to present a consistent and uniform understanding of it to the reader and provide it at the level of a powerful guide concept for social and political research by reviewing the types, strategies, models, and consequences of the framing.