۱.
This paper provides an empirically based insight into IT diffusion drivers in developed and developing countries. For this purpose, a new conceptual model with five main factors has been provided and tested using data from 34 developed and 209 developing countries in 2008. The results explore major role of factor "Trade Related Knowledge Spillovers: TRKS) in promoting IT diffusion in both developed and developing countries, and the importance of factor "Financial Resources" in accelerating IT diffusion in developing countries. The results can help IT policy-makers improve greater IT diffusion in a way that developing countries can take advantage of what already being enjoyed by the developed world
۲.
This paper explores the empirical evidence of the nature of intra-metropolitan supply linkages and industrial clustering and searches for the driving forces that enhances the learning processes and innovation capacities hence; contributing to competitive advantage within the Tehran metropolitan. The research points to accelerating growth in the automotive sector since the late 1980s and early 1990s which has been the driving force of the Tehran’s economy. This growth appears to be related to industrial clustering and systemic linkages with actors such as suppliers, sub-contractors and so on. The analysis of empirical evidences from the sample industrial cluster indicates a considerable number of interesting findings from strong degrees of industrial clustering. However, there are some weak evidences of industrial clustering such as weak institutional environment in the cluster.
۳.
Power is a social phenomenon, which refers to the ability of its holders to compliance or obedience of other individuals to their will. This superiority is caused by different factors including social role, sex or even a particular style of speech. This study aims at presenting comprehensive definition of power, its role in terms of different speech styles of language and its signs. Therefore, the authors can measure power in language more carefully, recognizing new signs. In fact, power in language means avoiding linguistic uncertainty variables (filler, pause…) and using some linguistic signs (like following standard accent, etc…). "lengthening", "tag question (hear-oriented, speaker-oriented)" and "use of English word" are studied for the first time. In fact, we want to know if these three factors can be considered as linguistic uncertainty variables showing powerless speech. Sample research is 30 male managers at the age of 30-40. The results showed "lengthening" and its different kinds are one of the uncertainty linguistic variables showing powerless speech style.
۴.
A critical analysis of reader-text, especially the sacred texts as the important topic of hermeneutic, is one of the focal points of attention among scholars of humanities. This paper, through a comparative study between the Bible and the Qur’an, concentrates on the image of woman in the account of creation. The paper first shows that there are deep differences between these two sacred texts concerning the image of woman. Then it argues that throughout the Judaea-Christian history and the Islamic traditions multi and contradictory interpretations and understandings of the account have been produced by religious authorities, scholars and critics. The main purpose of the paper is to show that despite the differences between the two texts, there is a common paradigm between Judeo-Christian and Islamic traditions regarding the image of woman. This paradigm is that the authoritative discourses of both traditions have used the creation story, as a theoretical tool to downgrade women. Certainly, many factors are influential in producing this paradigm including disposition of the authors, extratextuality (the context of reading) and intertextuality (relationship of texts). In this paper, the notion of intertextuality will be emphasized, as an important factor in bringing about this paradigm.
۵.
Deccan was under the control of six Muslim ruling dynasties, i.e. the Bahmanîds and their successors from the second half of the eight century to the end of the eleventh century (A.H.). Most of the ruling class, the aristocrats and courtiers in that period were Muslims. But the state particularly villages and small towns were dominated practicing Hindus and they still form the majority in Deccan. Consequently, the Muslims minority had no way but to employ the experienced and capable natives to rule over the Hindus and administer the military and governmental organizations of that vast territory. Moreover, they employed Hindus in large numbers for their military and governmental organizations. Giving Hindus more religious freedom, Muslim dynasties paved the way for their further effective cooperation. The main reliance of the Muslim kings in military affairs was on Maratha tribes and a number of big Maratha families with forces serving them. The financial organizations of these dynasties were mainly controlled by the Brahmans. In addition, the Hindus had a great influence on political issues and the court hence; some of them achieved the highest ranks such as ministerial position (pîshwâ). This article aims at reviewing the role and share of the Hindus in administrating the bodies of the Deccan Muslim governments in three areas of military, finance and politics.
۶.
This paper aims to probe the nature of possible responses to the actions taken by certain foreign companies to unilaterally terminate their services to the Iranian public and private Internet service providers. The paper examines specifically the procedural aspects of the issue and concludes that due to the lack of the biased nature of relationship between sysops and Internet users and the absence of an effective international body, it is highly unlikely that any legal action could bring about desired results. The paper, in the end, suggests some other non legal strategies as topics for the future research.
۷.
Public bathes have much importance in Islamic cities, after the most significant structures like mosques and schools. There are a number of factors affecting the construction of bathes among which temperature regulation, humidity, access path, location in the urban texture, watercourses, and construction of exit paths are the most important. This study tries to make a comparative analysis of the architectures of bathes during Safavid and Qajar in order to reveal factors affecting their construction as well as the types of architecture implemented. Consequently, 13 public bathes were recognized and examined. The data elicited was then subjected to SPSS for further statistical investigation. Nonparametric Spearman correlation test was utilized to know the relationship among the variables and the factors affecting the architectures. The findings reveal a number of factors to be in statistically high correlation.
۸.
During the last centuries, great religious traditions as well as prominent philosophical and theological schools have been facing the so-called "problem of evil" and trying to solve it in a reasonable and convincing way. This paper seeks to explore Muslim philosophers' approach to the problem and examine their proposed solutions for it. After the main versions of the problem in Islamic philosophy are briefly sketched, the author explains its view about the non-existential nature of evil. At this stage, he discusses the challenge of "apprehensional evil" and three reactions to it. Then he turns to three main solutions proposed by Muslim philosophers in order to meet three versions of the problem of evil, i.e., the problem of evils and God's decree, the problem of creation-dualism and the problem of evils and Divine wisdom.
