Isfahan

The historic houses of the Qajar era are among the remarkable works of this period, which, due to their close connection with the everyday life of the people, are indicative of the special characteristics of their time. These houses are not only important in terms of plans and architectural spaces, but also unique in terms of decorations and arrays and cultural values. Thus, this paper is aimed at understanding the residential architecture and its design patterns in Qajar houses in Isfahan. The research methodology is analytical and descriptive and has been done with library and field method. Special attention has been paid to the design and spatial designing patterns and by analyzing, analyzing and comparing them, the further categorization of cultural factors and design patterns in Vasigh's home has been provided. Actually, As  space organization is considered an integral part of traditional Iranian architecture, In a way, it shows the application of spaces, Also, they represent the dominant thinking of their age. Due to the necessity of his time, the Qajar art faced Western elements and reacted itself selfishly. The result of this response to the design of the architecture is that in many cases the imported elements have been able to combine with the traditional elements. At home, we also encountered spatial patterns that clearly illustrate this issue. At home, we also encountered spatial patterns that clearly illustrate this issue. But in general, artists of this era have been able to achieve unity in the design of the architectural design of this house, despite the combination of elements of different cultures.

Traditional Iranian houses, especially Esfahan, have very special cultural patterns, such as privacy entrance but contemporary houses in Isfahan, because of changes in the methods of designing and building houses, importance of entrance reduced to such level that now in contemporary houses entrance is just a door. Entrance correlates indoor safe space of house and outdoors. It`s importance lays in controlling entry, exit, territory and hierarchy. Since house owners were satisfied with traditional form of entrance, it is a good idea to learn from them in designing new entrances. The purpose of this research is to find a way for designing appropriate entrances for Isfahan contemporary houses.  Isfahan city is from margin of desert and the origin of traditional houses. Analysis showed that blockage of visual and phonic relation, creating a space between outdoor public space and indoor private space, creating access patterns to internal spaces and traits that separate in and out were the most significant properties of traditional entrances. All these traits are ignored in contemporary entrances. Suggestions made for design include creating public meeting space in yard and creating a separate entrance space for each house in apartments.

Purpose- In addition to preservation of and getting religious and legal rights of the government and people, one of the most important goals of ownership and consolidation of national and government domains is to keep and develop renewable natural resources and to allocate them for development of agricultural and productive activities. The ultimate goal of the legislator, has been movement towards comprehensive agricultural self-sufficiency, deprivation reduction, and development in villages. The present study aims at investigating the effect of national land resource allocation on rural sustainable development. As a result, the rural districts of Northern and Southern Bar’an, as a part of the central province of Isfahan, were selected. Design/methodology/approach- The present study is applied in terms of aims, descriptive-analytical in terms of research method, and survey study in terms of data collection. Data collection was performed through library and field studies. The population of the research consisted of farmers of five villages of the Northern Bar’an rural district and five villages of the Southern Bar’an rural district and 30 experts. A sample 260 farmers were selected using Cochran formula. Findings- The results indicated that the effectiveness of the allocation of national and government lands on the dimensions of rural sustainable development is at a moderate level. It shows poor efficiency of allocation of national and public land resources. Research limitations / implications- Problems like farmers' reluctance to cooperate and questionnaire distribution were among the challenges faced in this research. Originality/value: Given the importance of the studied region in production and agricultural, the findings of the present study can be regarded a big step in exploiting the potentiality of this region to determine strategies for sustainable rural development.

Today, social participation is considered as a crucial element in renewing urban life and enhancing resilience in confronting different crises. Regarding the troubles on the one hand and the limitations of tools and financial capacities of urban management on the other hand, districts with worn textures are taken as one of the main factors in decreasing the quality of life and increasing the vulnerability of cities. so, the most effective approach to choose for facing the shortcomings and imperfections is the participatory approach. This research aims to investigate the empowerment of local communities and the establishment of participatory management with a comprehensive practice along with the participation of citizens for renewing and reviving the worn urban texture of Zeinabieh district of Isfahan. This study was done by survey, documentary and analytical research methods. The results show that the participation of the residents for regeneration and renovation was somehow low in the mentioned district mainly due to their mistrust in the project executors. Having a feeling of satisfaction in the activities of the authorities and confiding in them is an element which paves the way for residents to boost their level of participation in regeneration and refurbishment of old textures. For this reason, the empowerment of residents was proposed as the most appropriate pattern for public involvement in the worn texture of the area under study. The use of such model creates the process of programming as well as the top-down decision makings which put emphasis on community indexes and accelerate citizen participation and confidence. Empowerment model, in practice, in addition to promoting the spatial-physical resilience, enhances the development of cultural and social resiliency through the reinforcement of social relations and the trust among the citizens on the one side and between the citizens and urban management on the other side.

Public bathes have much importance in Islamic cities, after the most significant structures like mosques and schools. There are a number of factors affecting the construction of bathes among which temperature regulation, humidity, access path, location in the urban texture, watercourses, and construction of exit paths are the most important. This study tries to make a comparative analysis of the architectures of bathes during Safavid and Qajar in order to reveal factors affecting their construction as well as the types of architecture implemented. Consequently, 13 public bathes were recognized and examined. The data elicited was then subjected to SPSS for further statistical investigation. Nonparametric Spearman correlation test was utilized to know the relationship among the variables and the factors affecting the architectures. The findings reveal a number of factors to be in statistically high correlation.

Child labor is an inseparable phenomenon in the s tructure of developing countries and third world nations. Numerous claims have been made about the benefits of the learning environment on child labor’s life. Individuals do their activities in designed environments, which can influence them. There were few s tudies on designing an educational place for child labors, especially in Iran. The purpose of this s tudy is using an architectural approach to absorb child labors into an educational place in Iran Isfahan. After running library s tudies about child labors and the effect of place on people, in a two years, many field s tudies have been done such as: observing child labors lifes tyle, their work condition, and visiting their support centers. A total of 45 child labors between the ages of 12-18 have been interviewed, and then some results of this interview were examined on a child labors’ help center building. It confirms and completes the results of interview. Initial evidence shows that there is a gap in educational sys tem. Regular schools cannot be responsible for child labors’ needs. So, firs t, the child labor’s personal needs were discovered, then some of the architectural parameters that affect their educational achievements were introduced. The focus of architectural guidelines in this s tudy is in three parameters: well-designed physical space, sense of ownership and social support. It uses architecture to give child labors’ los t social identity back. 

This paper will concentrate on the result of a research based on comparative study between two Persian gardens in different micro climates in arid regions. Sustainability could be observed in many aspects and elements of traditional Iranian architecture and landscape architecture, and this method of design has used to solve many problems for many centuries. Gardens of Iran have had special role to moderate hot and arid climate since many years ago and their design method is an appropriate strategy to create sustainable landscape in our today cities. In this research, the selected case studies are Hasht-Behesht garden in Isfahan, and Jahannama garden in Shiraz, located in two different areas in arid regions of central plateau of Iran. The research method adopted in this paper consists of descriptive-analytic and deductive analyses. By the analysis of sustainable and climatic features and characteristics of these cases, the main goal is to identify the parameters of creating green space for present and future sustainable landscaping with similar climates. Results confirm that the similarities and differences between these two gardens are because of the different microclimatic regions they are located in. At the conclusion part, the main characteristics of Persian gardens from sustainability view will be classified and recommendations for sustainable landscape design will be presented.

Islamic architecture has been a great influence on different parts of the world, even so there are some similar factors, but the aspect of culture will make the polarization between them. Upon the vast spread that Muslims had in the 7th century (A.D.) Islamic culture and belief moved in different continents from the Fareast parts of Asia to the west of the Mediterranean. At the beginning Islam had no specific architecture but with passing of time each and every culture started their own art and architecture and from that beginning Iran was a special primary of this field and of the many dynasties of this country Safavid was one of the highest valued among them all. One of the most important aspects of traditional architecture is there proportion value that holds a great part of the aesthetical valence. The aim of this paper is to know that if there is a common connection within various types of Safavid architecture as a group or individual system. The secondary goal of this study is to see if there is an aesthetic relation between Iranian proportion and European golden ratio. In this study we have surveyed various buildings, in one of the most influence architecture eras of Iranian Islamic architecture and at an end result believe that depending on their functionality the proportion values differ among them.

While some research projects have been done into the guidelines for and inefficacy of religious involvement in subjective well-being (SWB), it has been well-argued that religious involvement should be more considered as one of the key elements triggering off SWB. The current study examines the possible relationship between religious involvement, religious attendance, religious beliefs, and SWB among male and female groups. The relationship between the variables and SWB was investigated through Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Nearest-Neighbor Matching (NNM). The sample consists of people aged 18 and over in fifteen districts of Isfahan in the year 2020 (N=363). Our analysis shows a robust influence of religious involvement, religious attendance, and religious beliefs on SWB in a framework of multivariate logistics which controls for education, gender, income, and disabilities. Moreover, in contrast to other studies, the findings indicate equal efficacy of religion for both men and women. In addition, findings show that Muslim individuals are happier and more satisfied with life than non-Muslim or non-religious people. We suggest that the influence of religious organizations and communities on the process of happiness and welfare as well as the function of these elements be highlighted as areas for further studies.

Enthusiasm is one of the main psychological variables affecting the entrepreneurial intention of people, which as one of the dimensions of well-being in the work environment, expresses a positive and active feeling, which is known with a high level of work with interest and honor. The aim of the present research is to investigate the role of the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of managers in the organizational structure of managers of government organizations. According to the existing theoretical frameworks, the relationships between research variables have been evaluated by some quantitative methods. According to the characteristics of the statistical society, the non-probability and accessible sampling method was chosen for the experts. To determine convergent and divergent validity, Lisrel software was used, and for data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was usually used to test the normality of the data. The analysis of the obtained data showed that; GFI (normalized fit index) higher than 0.9 is a sign of a good fit of the model. RMSEA is equal to 0.055 (the root mean square of the error of approximation or the deviation test of each degree of freedom) and a value less than 0.08 indicates a good fit of the model. Shows, On the other hand, the P-value (significant level) is 0.0001, which is less than 0.05, so it is accepted with 95% confidence of the conceptual model of entrepreneurial enthusiasm of managers of public organizations. The results showed that the investigation of the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of managers of public organizations in Isfahan province showed factors such as organization atmosphere, perspective, and upstream documents, knowledge management in the organization, efficient human resources, and entrepreneurial culture in the organization, organizational learning, and entrepreneurial education. There is a desire for entrepreneurship in this.

One of the issues that mos t cities across the world are faced with is natural disas ters. Natural hazards and their devas tating effects remain on the ground, especially in recent years, the countries have been about to reduce the damage caused to it to plan and manage their events. Adminis trative units could have an important role as one of the elements before, during, and after the crisis. In this s tudy, connective s tatus and building accessibility in the offices of region 5 in Isfahan were s tudied, including Telecommunication Organizations, Fire S tations, Electricity Companies, municipalities, Education Minis try, and Gas Companies. Heretofore, there was no study of the connective s tatus and accessibility of the office buildings in Esfahan. This research is a descriptive and analytical survey. The required information was evaluated and weighed by six indices, including the questionnaire, field collecting method, and A.H.P. measures. The results indicated that among administrative centers in terms of the degree of connectivity and accessibility, adminis trative codes 6 and 17, with weights of 0.03% and 0.031% were the mos t accessible, and adminis trative codes 14, 8, 9, 10, and 11 with weights of 0.07%, 0.067% were the mos t inaccessible.

The relationship between the government and religious minorities as well as their social status in the Safavid era is one of the most significant issues in the period. It gained a critical status especially since the beginning of the reign of Shah Abbas I and the transfer of his capital to Isfahan. Although there is a lot of material about the welfare and special status of Armenians in Isfahan in the sources of this period, writings and resources about other minorities are available only sporadically. This is especially true for Zoroastrians in terms of their long presence in Iran. Although the number of Zoroastrians gradually decreased with the arrival of Islam in Iran, their transfer to Isfahan under Shah Abbas and the use of their power and skills for flourishing the economy of the Safavid period suggests the significance of this religious minority at that time. Using a descriptive-analytical research method and based on written sources, this study seeks to answer the question of the social status of Zoroastrians in Isfahan throughout the Safavid period. Earlier studies confirm that the social status of Zoroastrians had varied in different periods of the reign of the Safavid. Although this minority had a relatively favorable status during the reign of Shah Abbas I, after his death and the decline in religious toleration in the Safavid state, the Zoroastrians were once again oppressed and the majority of them were compelled to leave Isfahan.

Background: Destination branding and social media strategy may be a major and strong marketing and promotional tool for destination marketers. Today tourism has been greatly affected by social media platforms. Besides being a major source of information, these tools can facilitate the interaction process among tourists and provide them with customized and personalized offers. These activities can ultimately lead to enhanced destination brand equity. Purpose: The present study attempts to investigate the impact of social media marketing on consumer-based brand equity components for tourism destinations. Method: The sample of the study totaled 149 visitors from Isfahan. Online questionnaires and convenience sampling methods were used to collect data research. The research hypotheses were tested using smart PLS software. Results: The results showed that there is a statistically positive and significant impact of social media marketing on destination brand awareness, destination brand image, destination brand quality, and destination brand loyalty. Conclusion: As the results show, social media marketing is an effective marketing tool to improve tourism marketing that in turn can enhance destination brand equity. These results are beneficial for tourism destination marketers and managers. Social media marketing as a prominent marketing tool can strengthen destination brand equity and potentially influence tourists’ behavior