فاطمه میثمی

Traditional Iranian houses, especially Esfahan, have very special cultural patterns, such as privacy entrance but contemporary houses in Isfahan, because of changes in the methods of designing and building houses, importance of entrance reduced to such level that now in contemporary houses entrance is just a door. Entrance correlates indoor safe space of house and outdoors. It`s importance lays in controlling entry, exit, territory and hierarchy. Since house owners were satisfied with traditional form of entrance, it is a good idea to learn from them in designing new entrances. The purpose of this research is to find a way for designing appropriate entrances for Isfahan contemporary houses.  Isfahan city is from margin of desert and the origin of traditional houses. Analysis showed that blockage of visual and phonic relation, creating a space between outdoor public space and indoor private space, creating access patterns to internal spaces and traits that separate in and out were the most significant properties of traditional entrances. All these traits are ignored in contemporary entrances. Suggestions made for design include creating public meeting space in yard and creating a separate entrance space for each house in apartments.

With the arrival of cultural factors and design patterns of other countries, Especially in western countries, culture and the identity of the Iranian community, there has also been a change; Therefore, today the discussion about identity and cultural factors has been considered in various scientific branches. Since one of the methods of studying the identity of a society is the attention to the elements of space organization and its relation with the culture of society, In order to identify the identity of the traditional Iranian society, the study of cultural identity elements and design patterns in traditional Iranian architecture seems to be a good way. This article is sought after to identifying components in the traditional architecture of Iranian houses and examine the appearance of identity elements in the traditional architecture elements of houses in Iran. The combined research methodology includes descriptive, analytical methods of case study type. In this way, the subject of research has been studied using field observations and library studies. At the beginning, a definition of identity and Identity creation was given in architecture, and then a sample of these traditional houses called Sheikh-al-Islam house was studied. And the result of this study shows that in the design of traditional Iranian houses, the architect is familiar with the identity elements, for example, national and religious values ​​and so on.

The historic houses of the Qajar era are among the remarkable works of this period, which, due to their close connection with the everyday life of the people, are indicative of the special characteristics of their time. These houses are not only important in terms of plans and architectural spaces, but also unique in terms of decorations and arrays and cultural values. Thus, this paper is aimed at understanding the residential architecture and its design patterns in Qajar houses in Isfahan. The research methodology is analytical and descriptive and has been done with library and field method. Special attention has been paid to the design and spatial designing patterns and by analyzing, analyzing and comparing them, the further categorization of cultural factors and design patterns in Vasigh's home has been provided. Actually, As  space organization is considered an integral part of traditional Iranian architecture, In a way, it shows the application of spaces, Also, they represent the dominant thinking of their age. Due to the necessity of his time, the Qajar art faced Western elements and reacted itself selfishly. The result of this response to the design of the architecture is that in many cases the imported elements have been able to combine with the traditional elements. At home, we also encountered spatial patterns that clearly illustrate this issue. At home, we also encountered spatial patterns that clearly illustrate this issue. But in general, artists of this era have been able to achieve unity in the design of the architectural design of this house, despite the combination of elements of different cultures.

Contrastive study on the elements of traditional houses in different times, is an effective method in understanding the culture and design factor, the architectural evolution, space organization, ornaments and the structure of the historical buildings and it describes that different features and distinguishing factors in traditional houses were usually closely related to the political, economy, and social issues of that region. Synchronized with historical dynasties, traditional houses are thus, easily distinguishable regarding their architectures and the manner of architectural pattern can be followed regarding the historical evolution. As Isfahan was the capital of Iran in Safavid time, building magnificent palace-like houses were the trend; in Qajar dynasty as well architecture had its own unique elements. The present study enjoyed the mixed methods of descriptive and analytical methods as well as case study. The problem was examined based on observation, field studies, and documentation; the results then were compared and contrasted. The architectural design of these houses are introverted (mainly) as well as extroverted (in jolfa). The main front of the houses are in southern part and having porch, straight sky line, rectangular garden, rectangular rooms, sometimes octagonal houses, abundant ornamentations in central halls, using natural colors, easier use of bricks as the main material are some features of these houses. The present study aims to analyze and evaluate how the privacy of entrances in both Safavid and Qajar houses as one of the most significant elements of architectural times formed. 

Perception and employing our ancestors’ properties is of highest importance if the approach of our ancestor’s knowledge share be due to recreating creative designs in accordance to urban space and modern neighborhood. The fundamental needs of human or physical needs of architecture are adoptable because they seek to find a good framework to compare and rank different designs regarding the aesthetic aspects. Through this the strength and weak points in different architecture design particularly in local architecture of Iran can be specified. To do so, by examining Bazar and Timche and comparing and contrasting them with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the present study aimed to present a system to rank the aesthetic elements in them. Concepts such as introvert and extrovert in houses, linear and central structure, enclosure, geometry, and space that are the results of the elements of Bazar and Timche have some material and meaning qualities that can be ranked. The benefits to use such perspective by contributing tools such as hierarchy of basic needs provide us with having required confidence toward completeness of a design.