مطالب

Sustainability and resiliency analysis of cities is not completed without considering the whole system of interacting sectors. The purpose of this study is to introduce an algorithm for assessment of overall seismic resiliency increase of urban areas due to the reduction of Intra- and Interdependencies between different sectors and retrofitting infrastructures. The proposed method is versatile, and different dimensions of resiliency, i.e., social, economic, technical, physical, institutional, and security dimensions of resiliency are considered in the study. In this research, the technical dimension, i.e., the functionality of water and power networks are modeled as an example, and some solutions to increase overall resiliency of an urban district against earthquake is investigated. The algorithm is based on the inoperability input-output model, and the interaction between water and power sectors in a metropolitan district is surveyed. Based on the results of a number of Monte Carlo simulations of different dependency scenarios, it is quantitatively shown that the decrease in interdependency has a direct and great effect on the increase in serviceability and overall resiliency indices, but the pattern of this effect is different between various earthquake scenarios. It is concluded that the reduction of interdependency has an increasing effect on the overall resiliency index. Thus, an optimum value for interdependency reduction can be obtained to increase resiliency index using the Pareto principle, and the influence of reducing of interdependency on increasing the resiliency of a region as a whole is investigated. The proposed model may be used in system analysis for other dependent sectors and for different disasters and can also be considered as a helpful measure for decision-makers in sustainability and resiliency enhancement studies.

The present study was carried out aimed to investigate the role of self efficacy and social tendencies in green purchase intention and behavior. This study is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection method. In this study, the statistical population includes all consumers of organic products supplied at Ofogh  Koorosh chain  stores  (OKCS), including Talavang eggs and organic disposable tableware. Therefore, 384 questionnaires were collected. These questionnaires were distributed by stratified probability sampling method. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used in order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis technique was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Then, using structural equation modeling using Lisrel software was used to analyze data. According to the results of investigating the research hypotheses, social tendencies, self-efficacy and consumer attitude play a role in green purchase intention, and the role of environmental knowledge in consumer attitudes has been shown. And, finally, green purchase intention has played a role in green purchase behavior. Therefore, environmental knowledge has a significant effect on green purchase behavior through consumer attitudes and purchase intention.