مطالب

Having arisen out of a wide variety of research traditions, visual culture studies are certainly different. Shia believers painted their holy shrines with murals, which have a long history of customs and traditions. Gilan’s holy Shrines are places where religious events were held together with paintings on their walls dating back to the Qajar era. Accordingly, the images were influenced by developments such as the prevalence of Ta’ziyeh and the promotion of art and literature. This study focuses on religious and ritualistic beliefs of the region from the Qajar era to the present time. To this end, the question here is raised about the relationship between the concepts behind Gilan Shrines' decorative images and visual culture of Shi’ism during Qajar. Being qualitative in nature, the present study adopts a descriptive approach to content analysis with the findings demonstrating that the popularity of Ta’ziyeh and Shabihkhani during the Qajar era was the pivotal reason for building Gilan Shrines with those images. Furthermore, the event of Karbala, Stories of Prophets with its religious connotation, and folk tales all played a role in the formation of the paintings of Gilan Shrines.

The purpose of this article is to contribute to studies on counterfactuals by exploring counterfactual conditions in Persian. Here, counterfactual sentences in Persian have been studied based on typological findings of the same in different languages. In order to study the typology, two main parameters are examined: symmetrical and asymmetrical morphological patterns of counterfactual conditional sentences and the range of TAM (Tense Aspect Mood) values in protasis and apodosis. The main concepts of counterfactual conditionals, including the construction of complex sentences, imagined conditions that have not occurred, false events, and the two above parameters were taken into account. This is a library-based research and the required data was extracted from the Persian Linguistic Database (PLDB). Findings show that the counterfactual conditions in Persian have a complex sentence construction and protasis acts as a subordinate clause and in typological classifications, Persian has counterfactual conditionals for past, present and future and counterfactual conditionals have both symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns. Also in the TAM spectrum, counterfactual conditions have both symmetrical and asymmetric morphological patterns. In these patterns, both protasis and apodosis are used in the past continuous and past perfect tenses. In all three types of counterfactual conditions, the past tense is used, with either perfective or imperfective appearance.

For the last three decades, research on Information Technology Business Value (ITBV) has highlighted how organizations can create greater value from IT investments in different industries, including the healthcare sector. There has been some research investigating the business value of Health Information Systems (HIS). However, the current body of knowledge regarding the challenges in front of proper business value realization of these systems is limited. This study investigates the challenges of HIS business value creation using a combination of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and fuzzy Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). First, this study reviews the literature to identify the main challenges in the field. The outcome of this step revealed three main categories and 22 challenges, including technological (ten challenges), organizational (eight challenges), and environmental (four challenges). Then, this study first uses FAHP to evaluate the weighting for each criterion and then adopts the fuzzy DEMATEL method to establish contextual relationships among those criteria. We find out that technological challenges are the most crucial dimension. Moreover, we observed that “infrastructure costs” has the highest priority. Under the technological dimension, “maintenance costs” and “systems compatibility” challenges are the most critical since they are in the cause area and directly influence the HIS outcomes. Under the organizational dimension, “Change in strategic objectives” is the most important challenge. Moreover, “inter-departmental coordination”, “training costs”, “proficiency”, and “users’ knowledge” are affected by each other as well as influenced by the net causes. The outcome of this study shows that to handle HIS business value creation challenges, healthcare executives should start with infrastructure costs, maintenance costs, and systems compatibility challenges.

This study aimed to identify the impact of strategic vigilance (SV)on the useful application of electronic management in the National Railway Transport Company (SNTR), and to achieve the objectives of the study; a survey was designed and distributed to a simple random sample of 200 individuals from the National Railway Transport Company (SNTR) ), From which 180 questionnaires were retrieved, The results obtained indicate Spanish the respondents' perception of both strategic vigilance with its dimensions (competitive vigilance and technological vigilance, commercial vigilance and environmental vigilance) and electronic management in the researched company, The findings also revealed positive effect of strategic vigilance in the practical application of electronic management in the company National Rail Transport (SNTR).