مطالب

 Recent advancements in cons truction and shifts in traditional housing practices in the villages of the Gilan Plain have resulted in a disconnect between the newly-cons tructed housing and its surrounding environmental, economic, physical, social, and cultural conditions. This s tudy aims to identify and evaluate the key components affecting traditional rural housing in the Gilan Plain and compare these with those found in the literature review. The s tudy employed a mixed-methods design, including descriptive-analytical approaches, a survey method, and a case s tudy approach, to examine rural housing in the Gilan Plain. The components were dis tilled into items and evaluated through a ques tionnaire dis tributed to 100 architectural experts, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The components were then ranked using the Friedman tes t. To observe the functions of these components, 23 case s tudies of rural housing in the Gilan Plain were inves tigated. The findings showed that livelihood played a significant role in shaping the physical s tructure of rural homes in the Gilan Plain compared to other rural areas of Iran. Due to the region's favorable climate conditions, including an abundance of rain and vegetation, there has been a lack of emphasis on climate adaptation s trategies and resource management compared to other regions of Iran. The abundant fields and vegetation also serve important cultural functions, such as providing privacy.

 As cities become more and more crowded, urban environmental noise increases. This paper discusses the practical recognition of the Mashhad MELAT Park sidewalk's soundscape. The purpose of this s tudy is to answer the ques tion of the Mashhad MELAT Park sidewalk's soundscape in people's minds. On-site sound recordings have been collected from the 1s t of November, December, and January of 2022 in consecutive places on Mashhad MELAT Park sidewalk and EMAMAT Boulevard. Sound and soundscape are sense s timulants that impact on quality of urban spaces. Sound, as one of the inseparable parts of the urban atmosphere, influences individual behavior, choosing the urban space, s taying or passing by, perception of people from urban space, and overlay it influences the quality of urban spaces. Nowadays, variety and increasing sound sources from traffic, human activities, and dis turbing sounds have created unpleasant soundscapes, leading to unclear sonic perception in citizens. The research is applicatory and descriptive-analytical. Data collection tools were done through sound walking (recordings for sound walking were up to 5 meters in dB by Calibrator S t-8851 sound meter device for numerical analysis), photography, and ques tionnaires based on people's mental perception. The data analysis method was performed through SPSS Analysis, sound maps, and GIS maps for qualitative analysis. Surveys showed a lack of invigorating sound resources on this sidewalk, expressing the dominance of vehicle traffic horns over natural and people sounds. Concentrating on soundscape in urban spaces leads to achieving sus tainable urban spaces.