مطالب

Background: Late diagnosis and treatment of congenital hip dysplasia (CHD) can cause many problems in a person's daily life.   Aim: Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of therapeutic exercises and education on parents’ weight bearing, range of motion, joint stability, and disease complications in 4-10-year-old children with congenital hip dysplasia. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design on 40 children with CHD in two groups of 20 people: therapeutic exercises and education. The training program of the therapeutic exercises group was done on a middle day for 8 weeks from 60 to 90 min in each session. Also in the training group, parents were taught about the correct methods of sitting, standing, and lying down. Before and after the intervention, the subjects were evaluated by the researcher in terms of performance indicators. These indicators were evaluated with specialized tests (weight bearing with standing flexion test, range of motion with stork test, and joint stability with sitting test). The analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between groups in terms of the effect on the indicators. Results: Based on the findings, the difference between the two groups of therapeutic exercises and education to parents was significant in weight-bearing and range of motion (P=0.000 and P=0.000), but in hip joint stability and disease complications, no significant difference was observed (P=0.269 and P=0.163). Conclusion: Considering the greater effectiveness of the therapeutic exercises, it is suggested to design a codified program in the physical education program of U10 children to correct skeletal abnormalities, especially hip dysplasia.

Background: Pregnancy can be a special but potentially stressful time for women. The routine life of female athletes who become pregnant may be challenged, and professional athletes may be more likely to experience psychological disorders during this time.Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the stress, anxiety, and depression levels in professional and novice pregnant athletes.Materials and Methods: 106 female volleyball players (42 professional and 64 novices) were selected as the research sample, based on their competitive levels and study participation criteria. Data were collected using a personal information form and the DASS-21 questionnaire developed by Lovibond 1995.Results: The results of the MANOVA test showed that pregnant professional athletes had significantly higher levels of stress and depression compared to pregnant novice athletes (P≤0.05). Although professional athletes had higher levels of anxiety than novice female athletes, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on this scale (P≤ 0.05).Conclusion: It seems that female athletes at high competitive levels experience increased psychological challenges because of the added responsibilities of motherhood, in addition to their sports commitments. It is recommended to prioritize physical and psychological interventions and strategies to enhance the mental well-being of these individuals.

The second half of the eighteenth century was a period of transition in European aesthetics. It was also a time of increasing contact between Europe and Asia. The rise of Oriental literary scholarship was a natural outgrowth of the public interest in things Oriental. While the earlier part of the century had sought to reaffirm the basic tenets of the Enlightenment with the help of its indirect knowledge of the Oriental literatures, the later generations became increasingly fascinated with the new possibilities of the literary heritage of the East. The Shahnameh first attracted the attention of the eighteenth-century Orientalists such as Sir William Jones as the supreme example of Oriental epic poetry. The present essay proposes to study Jones's conception of Persian literature and his remarks on the poetry of Firdawsi, as well as his fragmentary translations of the Shahnameh .

This article offers a detailed study of a story by one of the giants of Persian literature, Farid al-din Attār. It particularly focuses on the character of Attār’s “The Pious Woman”, who emerges as a symbol of faithfulness and discusses her significance as a character of mystical proportion and grandeur that also appears as personification of virtue in a world dominated by acquisitive and lascivious men. In many aspects, the Pious Woman reminds one of Penelope in Homer’s The Odyssey who is also celebrated for her faithfulness to her husband and for her patience and feminine virtues.