مطالب

The current study presents an alternative approach toward semantic relatedness research in second/foreign language (L2) education as it looks at the issue from a cognitive perspective. The participants were 35 intermediate English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. A semantic priming experiment was used to examine the cognitive processing of semantically related and semantically unrelated words. Repeated Measure ANOVA was run on reaction time and error rate data to establish any potential interaction between the primes and targets with reference to their semantic relatedness. The results showed that semantic relatedness does exercise a noteworthy influence on the ease of cognitive processing of L2 words. This facilitative effect is reflected in faster responses and lower errors on the part of the EFL learners when they dealt with semantically related words in comparison to semantically unrelated words, and can be attributed to the core mechanism of activation of lexical items in the human mind.

خلاقیت به یکی از موضوعات داغ در زمینه رشد کودکان تبدیل شده و در مطالعات روانشناسی و طراحی محیطی ویژه ویژه یافته شده است. تحقیقات بر روی محیط کودک بر رشد خلاقیت او وجود دارد. بنابراین هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی رابطه بین خلاق و محیط آموزشی کودکان 2 تا 10 ساله و شناسایی و تبیین مولفه های محیطی برای خلاقیت با محیطی است که بر اساس ساختار جسمی و روانی کودک و نیاز به استفاده از محیط معماری است. است. پژوهش کیفی حاضر با استفاده از روش اکتشافی و تحلیل کیفی، تغییرات اساسی در تحقیقات مربوط به رابطه محیط و خلاقیت کودکان را شناسایی کرده و سعی کرده است با استدلال منطقی به بررسی و جمع بندی روابط بین آنها بپردازد. از آنجایی که نتایج این پژوهش بر اساس تحلیل تحلیلی بر اساس نظریه ها و نتایج تحقیقات قبلی است، می توان آن را یک فراتحلیل کیفی تلقی کرد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که محیط با ویژگی هایی مانند جامعه پذیری، احساس فضا، حس پذیری، تنوع و پیچیدگی، امنیت، حرکت، خوانایی و ارتباط با طبیعت در افزایش خلاقیت کودکان خلاق است. همچنین اگر محیط آموزشی به گونه ای طراحی شود که اصول روانشناسی محیطی مرتبط با وضعیت جسمی و روانی کودک رعایت شود.

Virtual education will be an effective educational system in students' effective learning during the corona and post-corona outbreaks, So the research method is quantitative, applied and descriptive-survey. The study population was all teachers of exceptional schools in Guilan province with a population of 690 people who were selected as a sample using systematic random sampling method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by consulting experts from exceptional education in Guilan province and some university professors. To evaluate the reliability, a pretest was performed and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92 indicated the reliability of the questionnaire. Virtual education challenges were analyzed through R-type exploratory factor analysis technique. Findings showed that the four infrastructural-technical and economic challenges, content and evaluation, cultural-social and organizational-managerial challenges explained 64.93% of the total variance and the main effective challenges in education Virtual schools in exceptional schools of Guilan province are from the perspective of teachers. Given the importance of overcoming these challenges, more interaction with knowledge-based companies, upgrading a SHAD educational network, effective interaction with telecommunication networks to strengthen the speed and bandwidth of the Internet, design and operation of the system Counseling, experience sharing webinars, parent briefings, and student support charities are recommended.