مطالب

Background: Diverse and wide-ranging capacities have led to a special dynamic in bilateral relations between Iran and China in recent years. So that in different areas, these bilateral relations have been constantly expanding and deepening. From this point of view, the present article aimed to examine the role of ethics in economic diplomacy and its impact on the relations between Iran and China in recent years. Method: The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner. The present study investigated the subject by studying, classifying and analyzing scientific articles in the relevant field that were published between 2005 and 2021 in the citation databases of Magiran, Science Direct, PubMed, and ISC. Conclusion: Based on the studies, it was concluded that the role of ethics in economic diplomacy is considered important due to the interdependencies and mutual economic needs of the two countries, especially in recent years. The Islamic Republic of Iran for reasons such as the goals of the vision document, the need for energy markets, reducing and mitigating Western pressures, the need to have a relationship with China and its investment to achieve development, and reciprocally China due to development-oriented foreign policy The growing need for energy and security in its supply, the need to launch a Silk Road strategy to access global markets, tends to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: In today's evolving world, employees of organizations must have professional and ethical skills and competencies to perform their jobs and professions. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing a model of professional competence of faculty members according to the ethical components in the Islamic Azad University. Method: The combined research approach (qualitative and quantitative) was exploratory and confirmatory. In the qualitative part, the foundation data approach was used. Society, professional qualification experts, professors of Islamic Azad University, evaluation experts in higher education and policy makers in the field of higher education were selected by snowball sampling of 16 people. The interview tool was semi-structured. For data analysis, the open and pivotal and selective coding process was used. In a small part of the community, there were teachers, teaching assistants, specialized personnel and specialists in the field of professional competence of Islamic Azad University, from which 385 samples were randomly selected. The questionnaire was made by a researcher. For data analysis, the second type of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method and Pearson correlation coefficient matrix and structural equation model were used using SPSS 22 software and AMOS 24 software. Results: The results showed that in general, the professional competence of the faculty members can be classified into three areas: knowledge (general, individual, internal and external), ability (cognitive, sensory and motor) and skill (basic, management and social). Conclusion: The present study identified three main categories of competence that were related to the work of Azad University teachers. Therefore, the information provided in this study can be used to assess the qualifications of newly hired teachers in different stages of their teaching and activities and to develop a curriculum accordingly.

Purpose: The aim of the present research was to present a model of sociological factors affecting employment on the attitude towards unemployment status of children of devotees. Methodology: This was an applied correlational cross-sectional study. The study population included 835 unemployed children of devotees of Bushehr province in 2020. The sample size was estimated 332 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and based on Cochran's formula. The data were collected using demographic information form and a researcher-made questionnaires of sociological factors of employment and attitude towards unemployment and were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and path analysis in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results showed that the model of sociological factors affecting employment the attitude towards unemployment status in the children of devotees had a good fit. Also, all six sociological factors, including increasing young population, social class, government measures, social environment, self-employment bank facilities, and religious and cultural backgrounds, had a direct and significant effect on the attitude towards unemployment status in the children of devotees (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results revealed that the authorities in charge of planning jobs for the children of devotees can provide appropriate conditions to improve the sociological factors affecting employment in order to improve their attitude towards unemployment status.

Purpose: Considering the role and importance of knowledge and its transfer in education, the purpose of this research was to investigating the inefficiency causes of education in the field of knowledge transfer. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was from type of applied and in terms of implementation method was from type of qualitative. The research population was education specialists, principals, teachers, parents and high school students of Iran in the 2019-20 academic years. The sample size was considered 20 people which from each of the five group number of 4 people were selected as a sample by available sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview whose validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was obtained by the agreement coefficient method between the two coders 0.87. Data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in MAXQDA software. Findings: The results showed that the inefficiency causes of educational institution in the field of knowledge transfer had 184 open codes or indicator, 16 axial codes or component and 7 selected codes or categorical. The category of objective had two components of human education and training, the category of teacher had four components of material and spiritual rights, selection, moral commitment and professional commitment, the category of student had two components of motivation and learning, the category of curriculum had two components of content and curriculum and settings, categories of educational methods had two components of teaching methods and teaching aids equipment, the category of educational environment had two components of educational space and secondary education space and the student's psychological category had two components of family and social status. Finally, based on them a pattern of inefficiency causes of education in the field of knowledge transfer was designed. Conclusion: According to the identified indicators, components and categories for the inefficiency causes of education in the field of knowledge transfer, planning is necessary to reduce the inefficiency of the mentioned institution in the field of knowledge transfer.

Performance testing including the use of rating scales has become widespread in the evaluation of second/foreign oral language assessment. However, no study has used Multifaceted Rasch Measurement (MFRM) including the facets of test takers’ ability, raters’ severity, group expertise, and scale category, in one study. 20 EFL teachers scored the speaking performance of 200 test-takers prior and subsequent to a rater training program using an analytic rating scale consisting of fluency, grammar, vocabulary, intelligibility, cohesion, and comprehension categories. The outcome demonstrated that the categories were at different levels of difficulty even after the training program. However, this outcome by no means indicated the uselessness of the training program since data analysis reflected the constructive influence of training in providing enough consistency in raters’ rating of each category of the rating scale at the post-training phase. Such an outcome indicated that raters could discriminate the various categories of the rating scale. The outcomes also indicated that MFRM can result in enhancement in rater training and functionality validation of the rating scale descriptors. The training helped raters use the descriptors of the rating scale more efficiently of its various band descriptors resulting in a reduced halo effect. The findings conveyed that stakeholders had better establish training programs to assist raters in better use of the rating scale categories of various levels of difficulty in an appropriate way. Further research could be done to make a comparative analysis between the outcome of this study and the one using a holistic rating scale in oral assessment.