مطالب

Objective: Marital conflict is one of the serious problems in couples' interactions, which is considered as the cause of marital infidelity or divorce in many cases. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and emotion focused therapy on the attitude towards marital infidelity of people with marital conflict. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group along with a follow-up test period. From the statistical population of women referring to the clinics of the 1st district of Tehran, 45 people were selected using the available method and replaced in three groups using a random method. Whatley's marital infidelity questionnaire (2006) was used. First, the pre-test of the attitude towards extrapolation was implemented for all three groups, then schema therapy (Yang, 2003) and emotion focused therapy (Greenberg, 2004) were implemented for the experimental groups, but no intervention was applied for the control group; Finally, the post-test and the follow-up test were performed for all three groups. Findings: The results of the repeated measurement test showed that both schema therapy and emotion focused groups are effective in reducing attitudes towards marital infidelity (f=8.447 and p=0.001). Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two schema therapy and emotion focused approaches. Conclusion: To improve the attitude towards marital infidelity of people with marital conflict, it is suggested to use both schema therapy and emotion focused interventions.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of systemic family therapy in reducing alexithymia, increasing psychological capital, and enhancing mental vitality in mothers infected with COVID-19 who have autistic children. Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental design utilizing a pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included mothers infected with COVID-19 who have autistic children in the city of Mashhad, referring to the Avaye Salamat Center (total number: 70 individuals). Data were collected using a cluster random sampling method, ultimately selecting 30 individuals and assigning them into two groups of 15 each, experimental and control. For data collection and assessment of desired features and conditions, demographic forms and marital intimacy, forgiveness, and marital burnout questionnaires were used. Participants in the experimental group underwent systemic family therapy according to Bowen's (2009) protocol in 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, twice a week. Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS-16 statistical software. Findings: The results indicated that systemic family therapy significantly reduced alexithymia (F=6.25, P=0.004), increased psychological capital (F=9.65, P=0.001), and enhanced mental vitality (F=7.29, P=0.001) in mothers infected with COVID-19 who have autistic children (P<0.05). Conclusion: Systemic family therapy can be utilized to improve alexithymia, psychological capital, and mental vitality in mothers infected with COVID-19 who have autistic children.

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to analyze the challenges faced by the families of veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and grounded theory methodology. The statistical population consisted of 1,500 individuals, and participants were selected through purposive sampling based on the inclusion criteria. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, resulting in the study of 42 families, including spouses and children of veterans with PTSD in Kermanshah province. Additionally, a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 10 experts and social work professionals in the field of family studies were conducted over a 12-month period in 2022. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s method. Findings: The results were obtained through three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Data analysis yielded 138 subcategories, 15 main categories, and 1 core category. The 15 main categories included: "quality of life issues, financial problems, internal family environment challenges, family functioning issues, psychological problems, parent-child relationship problems, challenges from surrounding individuals and social support networks, marital relationship issues, coping strategy problems, personality trait issues, life cycle challenges, organizational and cultural action problems, family outcome challenges, social outcome challenges, and individual outcome challenges." These were presented as causal, intervening, contextual factors, strategies, and outcomes in the final model. Conclusion: This study, in connection with the research literature, provided a new understanding of the experiences of families of veterans with PTSD by describing their challenges. The findings revealed that these families face significant issues in various aspects of their lives, and reducing these challenges requires greater attention from responsible organizations and mental health centers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rumination and coping strategies with marital self-disclosure. Method: This research is fundamental in terms of its objective and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of all married women at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, during the academic year 2022-2023. To this end, 385 women were selected using Cochran’s formula and convenience sampling method. Participants responded to the Marital Self-Disclosure Questionnaire by Waring et al. (1998), the Ruminative Response Scale by Nolen-Hoeksema et al. (1993), and the Brief COPE Inventory by Endler and Parker (2008). After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis. Findings: The results indicated a significant negative correlation between rumination, avoidance-oriented coping strategies, and emotion-focused coping strategies with marital self-disclosure (p < .01). There was a significant positive correlation between problem-focused coping strategies and marital self-disclosure (p < .01). Conclusion: The results of the multiple regression analysis also revealed that 71.6% of the variance in marital self-disclosure is explained by rumination and coping strategies. Therefore, it can be concluded that rumination and coping strategies can predict marital self-disclosure among married women.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to integrate the role of social networks and subjective norms into the theoretical framework of the investment model of relationships to predict marital stability among divorce-seeking couples in the city of Ilam. Methods: This research employed a correlational design. The statistical population included all divorce-seeking couples in Ilam during 2019–2020 who visited family courts, counseling centers, and divorce registry offices. A sample of 160 participants was selected using convenience sampling. Data collection utilized the following instruments: the Marital Instability Index (Edwards et al., 1987), the Social Networks in Marital Relationships Scale (researcher-developed, 2019), the Subjective Norms in Marital Relationships Scale (researcher-developed, 2019), and Rusbult’s Investment Model Scale (1980). Data analysis was conducted using path analysis via AMOS version 23. Findings: The findings indicated that the tested model exhibited acceptable fit. Significant positive correlations were found between marital satisfaction and marital commitment, while significant negative correlations were observed between the quality of alternative relationships and marital commitment. Additionally, relationship investment and marital commitment were significantly positively correlated. A significant relationship was identified between marital commitment and marital instability at the level of p<0.05. However, no significant relationship was observed between social networks and marital commitment or between subjective norms in marital relationships and marital commitment. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that marital commitment mediated the relationship between satisfaction with the relationship and marital instability (p≤.05), the quality of alternative relationships and marital instability (p≤.05), relationship investment and marital instability (p≤.01), and subjective norms and marital instability (p≤.05). However, marital commitment did not significantly mediate the relationship between the influence of social networks in marital relationships and marital instability. Conclusion: Based on the findings and the role of subjective norms and social networks within Rusbult’s investment model, the results of this study can be utilized in counseling centers to enhance and prevent the instability of marital relationships.

Objective: The present research aimed to examine the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on emotional processing, irrational beliefs, and aggression in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The research population comprised all women with generalized anxiety disorder visiting psychiatric treatment centers in Golpayegan in the first half of 2019, from which 30 female patients were purposefully selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. The experimental group received eight 30-minute sessions of neurofeedback therapy. Meanwhile, the control group did not receive this intervention during the research process. The questionnaires used in this research included the Spitzer Generalized Anxiety Scale (2006), the Baker Emotional Processing Scale (2007), the Jones Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (1968), and the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS-24 software. Findings: The results of the data analysis indicated that neurofeedback therapy significantly affected emotional processing (F=10.89, P<0.001), irrational beliefs (F=10.83, P<0.001), and aggression (F=8.16, P<0.008). Conclusion: Given the confirmed effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on emotional processing, irrational beliefs, and aggression in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, it is recommended that workshops be organized to familiarize counselors and therapists more thoroughly with the principles and techniques of this treatment in the field of this disorder.

The primary issue of this research was to investigate the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and user behavior patterns on social networks, the impact of AI on voting behavior, and the connection between the use of online data analysis and students' decision-making in presidential elections. This question arises while considering the influence of AI on user behavior patterns and decision-making in presidential elections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of AI variables and online data on user behavior and decision-making in various contexts. This re-search examined the study hypothesis to better understand how behavior and decision-making are shaped in the digital age and the role of modern technologies in these processes. To conduct this research, a survey method and available library resources were utilized. The study used existing sources and collected necessary data from the target population, namely students at universities in Tehran, and employed descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. The findings of this research indicate that demographic variables and AI play a significant role in user behavior and de-cision-making, and the use of online data analysis can influence students' decision-making in presi-dential elections. Additionally, AI can be effective in detecting user behavior patterns on social networks and influencing voting behavior. These results can be useful for policymakers, election officials, and social activists in designing effective strategies to monitor user behavior and decision-making in the digital age, contributing to a better understanding of AI's role in shaping behavior and decision-making in society.

The current study adopted a mixed-method design approach to investigate the effect of the integration of the TPS strategy instruction into reading lessons on EFL students’ motivation to read. One hundred twenty Iranian intermediate EFL students (60 male and 60 female), studying English in a language institute in Iran, were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 60) and a control group (N = 60). The experimental group received ten sessions of reading instruction based on the TPS-integrated reading strategy proposed by Baker and Westrup (2000) whereas the control groups received the same amount of instruction on the same materials based on the traditional direct instruction method. Then, the students’ reading motivations were measured using the revised version of the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ) (Wigfield & Guthrie, 1997). Besides, the students’ attitudes toward the TPS-integrated reading strategy instruction were examined by conducting a semi-structured interview. The analysis of the quantitative data showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of reading motivation. It was also revealed that the integration of the TPS strategy in the reading lessons affected neither the students’ intrinsic motivation nor their extrinsic motivation. However, the findings of the interview concluded that the majority of the participants had developed positive attitudes toward the TPS. Regarding the motivation for reading, however, the findings of the interview were mixed. Finally, the study suggested some practical implications for EFL classrooms.