مطالب

Purpose: Emerging adulthood (EA) theory has been proposed as a distinct developmental period between adolescence and adulthood by Arnett in 2000. This construct is promptly embraced by contemporary scholars, and research on emerging adulthood increased over the past decade in many countries, but yet questions remained about the universality of emerging adulthood. This article is extracted from a pioneer research on emerging adulthood theory in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate applicability of the theory and its five characteristics in Iranian society. Methodology: Participants included six hundred ninety four undergraduate students, aged 18 to 25. The Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) was used. Findings: Results showed that a majority of Iranian university students viewed themselves as being emerging adults. The five characteristics of emerging adulthood predominantly endorsed by Participants. Some gender and age differences were observed in endorsement of emerging adulthood characteristics. Discussion: These findings support existence of the new life stage in Iran. As a result, the applicability of the theory and its dimensions confirmed in this community.

Purpose: Educational strategies are methods which influence on learning quality and students can make use of them in their studying and learning in order to obtain their education and learning objectives. Methodology: The statistical population of the research was all teachers of primary schools in Iran who 330 ones were randomly selected as the samples by Cochran formula. The current research was investigating the educational strategies based on information and communication technology (ICT). Finding: Then, having reviewed the theoretical bases and history of the research, two factors (educational strategies based on information and communication technology between teachers and students) and 33 parameters have been extracted. and also makes teachers get prepared for providing educational and training programs, use facilities and various methods for presenting educational services, increasing scientific and professional level, increasing job-motivation, developing occupational skills, improving institutional management by school-centering approaches, improving informing system at schools, settling system of teachers' informing at schools.

Purpose: The aim of present study is investigation the role of family functioning and generation gap in the relationship between parental controls style and addiction to social networks. Methodology: The present study is a descriptive one. Theoretical bases of the study were collected by reputable sites, books and related articles. The information and data for hypothesis testing were gathered by standard and a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical society was all of male and female student of the second year of high schools in district 5 of Tehran (140 persons). After data collection, data analysis was performed using SPSS and PLS. In this study, Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was approved. Validity of the questionnaire was accepted by expert opinion of university and reliability of that was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and the value of that was 0.82. Findings: Results showed that family functioning and generation gap have significant roles in the relationship between parental controls style and addiction to social networks. Discussion: Therefore, it can be concluded that by improving family functioning and reducing the generation gap, better control of addiction to social networks can be created.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of Persian literature books in the first grade of high school based on the components of educational and critical knowledge from the perspective of experts and teachers. Methodology: The method of this research is a type of evaluation study, which has been used to carry out the field research methodology. The statistical population includes curriculum specialists (118 people) and teachers of Persian literature in the first grade of high school in Mazandaran province (940 people). Stratified random sampling method was used to select 272 teachers and 92 curriculum specialists based on Cochran formula. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed using the nominal scale and Likert scale. The face and content validity of the questionnaire has been approved by the supervisors and counselors as well as a group of relevant curriculum specialists and relevant teachers who have sufficient expertise in the subject matter of the research. The reliability of the tool is confirmed by the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.924. Descriptive statistics such as abundance and average percentages were used in the data analysis method and X2 test was used to test the assumptions. Findings: According to the findings of this research and based on the fact that the centralized educational system of Iran, where textbooks are considered to be the most basic educational resources available to teachers and students, in order to fulfill the curriculum objectives based on the components of critical and educational competence, the content of these textbooks was analyzed. Discussion: to formulate curriculum, which leads to the creation of interesting questions and the creation of Interested in reading new concepts based on documentation and away from any individual biases

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Fordeys Happiness Training on improving the quality of life of women in Pars Special Economic Zone employees according to their religious attitude. Methodology: The research method is semi-experimental with two groups testing using pretest and post-test. The statistical population of this research was all the women who were in the staff of the Pars Special Economic Zone, who, due to the diversity of the community, examined a special block. The number of female housewives in this block was 280, of which 80 were selected through Cochran's formula by simple random sampling and randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. After conducting a pre-test of quality of life and religious attitude that based on the results of both test and control groups divided into two strong and weak religious groups, the Happiness Program was performed for 14 sessions of 2 hours for the experimental group and then the test Quality of life was taken from both groups. Findings: Findings show that there is a significant relationship between happiness education and quality of life of women and their religious attitudes. This means that there is a significant difference between the strong and weak religious attitudes group and people with strong religious attitudes have a better quality of life with physical, psychological, social and environmental components than those with a weak religious attitude. Discussion: Happiness is one of the most important human needs, which has a major impact on the formation of personality and mental health.