درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

  The main purpose of present study is to analyze the relationship between stock and exchange markets in two Asian countries, Iran and South Korea. A monthly time series of stock price and exchange rate are used over the period 2002: 05 - 2012: 03. The data is collected from the Central Bank of each country and WDI. The calculated stock return and real exchange rate change are used in analysis. An econometric multiple generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (MGARCH) BEKK method and the Rats software are applied to analyze a dynamic relationship between two markets in each country. The estimated results show a bidirectional relationship between two markets in South Korean economy and only a unidirectional relationship from exchange market to stock market in Iranian economy. The persistence of volatility transmission effects of each market on its own is also found in each economy. In the exchange market, this effect is in opposite direction in Iran compared to Korea, whereas in the stock market both effects are positive and almost the same in two economies. The policy implication of finding is clear. The financial policymakers should watch both stock and exchange markets in two economies to prevent the bidirectional volatility effects between two markets in Korea and the unidirectional volatility from the exchange market to sock market in Iran.       JEL Classification : F31, G10  

One policy making issue that needs to be addressed more effectively through an intergovernmental and participatory approach is entrepreneurship policy. Entrepreneurship is an area where interdependencies are very high, and the establishment of collaborative relationships such as networks is vital. Therefore, a network approach in the entrepreneurial policy-making process, which leads to the involvement of key stakeholders and entrepreneurs, will lead to higher legitimacy and effectiveness of policies. The purpose of the research is to validate and design a suitable model for policy networks in the field of entrepreneurship. Qualitative data analysis was conducted through theme analysis; and the quantitative data through the structural equations. After designing the conceptual model, the research questionnaire with dimensions was distributed among 240 experts and managers of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. Reliability of the questionnaire was verified using Cronbach's alpha and composite Reliability Coefficient (CR), and its validity was confirmed by Convergent Validity and Convergent Validity (AVE) methods. Finally, 24 components were identified in four branches of necessity, structural, behavioral and background. The findings show that, it is essential for the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare to focus on the role and importance of these entrepreneurs in order to develop the field of entrepreneurship, and to consider the network thinking in policy making as a substitute for hierarchical thinking.