درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Energy is a strategic commodity and ensuring its stable supply is considered an important issue for governments. Oil and gas, as the two main sources of energy, have played a serious role in the world's energy supply in the last century, and statistics show that these sources, especially gas, will continue to play a serious role in the world economy in the next few decades (History). Meanwhile, general energy policies can be examined as one of the extracts of Imam Khamenei's political-economic thought and the challenges and opportunities (issue). The main question of the article is: What is the place of general energy policies in the political-economic thought of Imam Khamenei and why did some address it? For this purpose, descriptive-analytical method and reference to related documents have been used (method). The result is that from this point of view, Imam Khamenei was able to intelligently guide different managers and governments towards using the general policies in order to manage and rebuild the country's economy in a way that is not influenced by foreign impulses. However, in this framework, the country has also faced some problems (result).

Financing decisions such as capital structure have gained much attention in literature of financial development over the last decade. Capital structure deviations from its optimal level can occur for various reasons. According to the dynamic trade-off theory, continuous adjustment of capital structure to maximize company value is essential. If companies adjust their capital structure quickly towards the target leverage, past financing activities and historical market conditions will only have short-term effects on the current capital structure. Conversely, if companies adjust their capital structure slowly, the opposite is true. We examine the relationship between organizational and performance characteristics and capital structure, as well as the speed of adjustment, in financial and non-financial firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and compare these effects between the two categories of companies. The statistical population consists of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2022. The results show that the speed of capital structure adjustment is lower in the financial sector compared to the non-financial sector. Additionally, three performance variables—profitability, growth opportunities, and liquidity—are statistically significant and impact capital structure and its adjustment speed in both financial and non-financial sectors. However, the growth opportunities variable has a different effect direction in the financial sector compared to the non-financial sector, while the age variable does not have a significant effect. Regarding organizational characteristics—complexity, institutional ownership, and size—only organizational complexity in the financial sector is significant at a 95% confidence level, while all organizational characteristics are significant in the non-financial sector