درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

High degree of interest sensitivity of durable goods is now a stylized fact in the literature of monetary policy. This literature, however, does not provide a clear and consensual explanation for the modalities of this stylized fact. In this paper, two independent empirical models are performed to shed more light on the cross-sectoral impacts of monetary policy. The results of first study indicate that there is no straightforward qualitative relationship between the degree of durability and the interest-sensitivity of durables. While, the second study shows that, in response to monetary policy shocks, productive durables behave differently from consumer durables. For both studies, two models have been estimated using the quarterly data of the U.S. over the period 1954:III – 2007:II JEL Classification: E52, L68.

To prevent further increases in energy consumption, the government of Iran commenced energy subsidy reform in 2010. This paper investigates the fuel conservation effects of the reform in Iran using a homothetic translog cost function that provides estimates of the own- and cross-price elasticities of fuel demands. The percentage reduction in fuel demands is estimated using the likely effect of the reform on fuel prices. The results reveal that the reform may not be as successful as assumed. Under optimistic assumptions, the reform may reduce energy consumption marginally, and under pessimistic assumptions, it may increase energy consumption because of inelastic fuel demands and substantial substitution between fuels. JEL Classifications: C32, Q38, Q43

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of exchange rate misalignment on inflation persistence. For this purpose, Vector Auto Regression method and Markov Switching model is used for quarterly data during 1989:4 -2014:3. The results show that, the impact of liquidity growth and exchange rate misalignment on inflation persistence is positive. On the other hand, GDP growth has a negative effect on inflation persistence. By Markov Switching model the nonlinear relationship between variables was investigated; based on Markov Switching model, quarterly inflationary environment (inflation regime) were extracted for economy of Iran, and the results show three different regimes for quarterly inflation. Markov model findings are consistent with VAR model findings. Results also show that, the impact of exchange rate misalignment on stable inflation regime is positive and the impact of exchange rate misalignment on unstable inflation regime is negative. JEL Classifications: F31, E3, D31, C22, H5

The banks’ response to their changes in leverage ratios is examined and evaluated in this paper. This reaction can be interpreted as if the coefficient of total debts to equity (lev1) and total assets to equity (lev2) are positive as anticipated in the banking network of Iran. The paper uses data from 31 Iranian banks’ annual databases during the course of 2006-13 in order to estimate an empirical panel data model of banks’ balance sheet adjustment. We identify the leverage ratio degree to show that both equity and liabilities tend to adjust to move leverage positively without considering the state of the Iranian economy. On the other hand, the index of leverage coefficient conditioned by the state of the economy is negative which replicates that banks tend to experience a negative impact of leverage on the return to equity as a result of cost push due to higher ratio of assets to equity in the bust and inappropriate return on investment. Furthermore, the non-performing loans ratio coefficient is negative and significant which proves that one percent increase in the nonperforming loans has led to a less than one percent decrease in the return on equity ratio as expected, but the total loans to total deposits ratio depicts a negative-significant coefficient which denotes the higher non-performing loans have caused that loans ratio increase will not necessarily give rise to higher returns for the banks. Besides, the leverage ratio (lev2) is positive as expected and banks gain higher returns through higher leverage. However, the leverage measure’s coefficient conditioned by the state of the economy (dummy) is negatively significant owing to cost push from lower return on investment and higher ratio of assets to equity in the bust. JEL Classifications: C23, E32, E44, E51, G21, M20

Statement of investment deposits performance is a separate and supplementary financial statement that is designed with two objectives: 1. Improvement in the level of disclosure and accountability of the banks to the owners of investment deposits as the main providers of the banks’ resources, and 2. Implementation of the IFRS standards on banking business in Iran. In this paper, the principles governing the banking business in Iran, and statements of the conceptual framework proposed by the Joint Working Group on IASB and FASB have been combined in order to provide a supporting framework for designing this financial statement. Materiality, comprehensiveness, comparability, maintaining the intrinsic relationship between financial statements, and concordance with the business model are the main features being considered in the design of the supplement. Moreover, the introduction of this financial statement provides some evidence in support of a concept, so called "reasonable flexibility" of universal conceptual framework for financial reporting JEL Classifications: G14, G21