درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this article is to analyze the macroeconomic impacts of fiscal policy in Iran using a new-Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The model takes into account distortionary taxations on wage, dividend, and consumption, while government expenditures are broken down into consumption of goods and services, and investment. The model is calibrated for Iran based on the estimated parameters by Bayesian method. To do so, a data set from 1981 to 2016 is used. The impulse response functions illustrate that an increase in consumption tax rate has a larger impact on the contraction of the economy than wage tax rate whereas the expansionary effects of government investment is much larger than government consumption expenditures.

Technology spillover from trade channel is important. Absorbing foreign technology by the channel of importation and using the latent technology in those products create export development, increase the quality and quantity of manufactured goods, and modify management, technology improvements and production of goods with high added value; this might favorise optimal allocation of resources. Importation of medium technology commodities is used as a proxy variable for research and development (R&D) spillover effect and technology transfer that would increase the knowledge level in developing countries. Also, this process might increase the share of medium technology industries in gross domestic product (GDP) and improve the exportation of these countries. So, national development is a basis advance of technology and technological change is affected by international relations. International relations by import of society-needed goods lead to competitive advantage increase the high technology industries. In this study, using Romer’s endogenous growth model, the impact of import and export of medium-high and medium-low industries have studied on economic growth of Iran during the period of 2002-2012. In this regard, seasonal data were used in an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the relationship between variables. Results indicated a positive and significant impact of import and export of medium-high and medium-low technology industries on Iran’s economic growth. Also, other variables i.e. capital stock, employment and R&D expenditure have had a positive and significant effects on Iran economic growth.

عدم تشخیص حباب های قیمت دارایی و نوع آن (یگانه و چندگانه) موجب اثرات مخربی بر اقتصاد می شود. ابزارهای اقتصادی جدید، نه تنها تحلیل رفتار انفجاری ملایم حباب را ممکن گردانیده؛ بلکه تعیین تاریخ شروع و خاتمه آنها را نیز مهیا کرده است. هدف مطالعه حاضر کشف حباب های قیمت بورس اوراق بهادار تهران و شرکت فرابورس ایران و تعیین تاریخ های شروع، انفجار و محو کامل حباب در دوره 01/1389 تا 01/1395 است. در این راستا از شاخص کل، شاخص صنعت، شاخص50 شرکت و شاخص کل فرابورس استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان دهنده آن است که بازار بورس 2 دوره حبابی و فرابورس 5 دوره حبابی را تجربه کرده اند. نتایج همچنین نشان دهنده این است که بازارهای بورس و فرابورس به ترتیب در 59% و 57% بازه مورد مطالعه حبابی بوده اند. به عبارت دیگر در بیش از نیمی از دوره مورد بررسی، حباب وجود داشته که بیانگر بی ثباتی زیاد قیمت های سهام است.