درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Domestic pharmaceutical industry, as one of the strategic high-technology industries, has a significant impact on individuals’ health. Despite its success in providing maximum medicine domestically, the industry, with its more than 110 active manufacturing companies in the form of semi-governmental holdings, private companies, and agile knowledge-based companies, faces challenges at the policy and operational levels. The challenges, situations, and some strengths of the industry would be identified in the present study using the scientific research method. To identify and review the challenges and status and also to explain the improvement strategies, in-depth interviews with 8 experts in the pharmaceutical industry in senior management positions in the manufacturing industry, regulators, and related syndicates planned and qualitative content analysis method using MAXQDA 2020 software platform applied to identify the challenges, situations, and strengths of the industry. According to the qualitative content analysis, challenges related to inappropriate policy-making, limited financial resources, and inappropriate pricing policies in the industry have been identified as the most important obstacles versus industry development, and on the other hand, the maximum supply of medicine in the country, appropriate knowledge  base and desirable quality of some products are listed as strengths of the industry. Efforts to reform macro policies and industry strategies at the policy and regulatory levels, including private sector development, commitment to quality improvement, and the development of new pricing methods, are among the most important future solutions to cope with the challenges of the industry.

In recent years, global reports on the irreparable damage of human economic activities to the environment, the need for efficient management systems capable of reducing pollutants and waste management and the optimal use of non-renewable resources, more than any other another time is needed. Therefore, in order to achieve this, a study was presented with the aim of designing and validating a model for green quality management in the food industry. The present study is an exploratory combination that through qualitative strategies with library study methods and grounded theory, a conceptual model is obtained and then through a quantitative strategy of structural equations with Smart PLS approach, the conceptual model of the research is tested and its goodness is calculated. Is. In the qualitative section, after extensive study in the theoretical literature on the subject and taking notes, as well as through theoretical and purposeful sampling with a selection of 24 experts and officials, a semi-structured interview was conducted. In the quantitative part, according to the Vinzy rule, 192 managers and experts of the food industry have been selected as a sample and the data have been collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. According to the findings of the qualitative section and after coding, finally 5 main categories and 19 sub-categories were extracted that green management of human resources from causal conditions and green management thinking as underlying conditions, technology management and environmental management system as intervening conditions. Green management innovation was selected as a strategy and also green supply chain as a consequence of green quality management model. The results show that the conceptual model designed with grounded theory approach was approved by experts and the GOF criterion was used to validate the model, which is higher than the level of fit classification based on the theory of Wetzel’s et al. (2009) which indicates that has it.

Two main issues occurring in the economy and largely affecting stock prices are uncertainties and asymmetric information which are influenced by many factors, and along these factors, affect the stock prices. In this study, using Cox, Ingersoll & Ross (CIR) model, we tried to investigate the relationship between theoretical price and stock price under the conditions of uncertainty and asymmetric information. Then, using the GLS panel method, the stock price relationship with these variables and the factors related to the firm performance, economic factors and industrial factors were investigated in Tehran stock exchange. The results indicated that a large part of stock price changes can be explained by two variables of uncertainty and asymmetric information, while other factors had significant effects on stock prices. The difference was that the factors related to the firm's performance and industry index had a positive effect and the macro-economic factors had a negative effect on stock prices. Finally, according to CIR model, asymmetric information and uncertainty in market ‎lead to delays in stock price adjustment, which can affect quality of corporate ‎governance principles‏.