درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- The main purpose of this study was to identify the drivers responsible for instability of livelihood and to investigate the extent and manner of their influences on each other and on the future livelihood status of villagers in Marivan County. Design/methodology/approach - Applying a descriptive-analytical method and Delphi Technique, the present applied research identifies first, the most important drivers of the current situation of livelihood instability and their eliminating impact on the future livelihood of the deprived villagers in Marivan County. Moreover, applying cross-impact method in Mick Mac software, it analyzes the effect and direct influence of these drivers on each other. Findings- The most important drivers of livelihood instability of rural people in the county are a total of 36 drivers in five categories as follows: Economic failures with the influence (346) and dependence (371), social failures with the influence (290) and dependence (315), environmental-physical failures with the influence (172) and dependence (176), institutional-managerial failures with the influence (351) and dependence (287) and trans-regional failures with the influence (23) and dependence (12). Among them the institutional-managerial failures have the most direct influence (315) and the economic failures have the most direct dependence (371) on the other drivers. The regulatory and two-dimensional drivers and their situation on the graph shows the continuing instability of the villagers’ livelihood in future, thus, this will increase deserted villages and wasted water and soil resources in the region. Research Limitations/Implications- The dispersion of a large number of villages, their small sizes in addition to their lack of accessibility, and the lack of cooperation of some experts to conduct interviews were among the main limitations of the present study. Practical implications - It is suggested to teach villagers about the basic principles of entrepreneurship and taking risks and identifying opportunities. In this regard, making use of entrepreneurial villagers with successful experiences and non-governmental organizations in the region can be effective. Ultimately, plans and programs should be designed and implemented for the regulatory drivers such as fatalism, lack of crisis management policies, recognizing rural development as equal to the traditional agriculture development. Originality/Value- The outcome of this study can be an introduction for subsequent studies for formulating scenarios, executive strategies, policies and planning in order to move towards sustainable livelihoods and the realization of a favorable livelihood for the villagers.

Introduction: Quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients is more important than only being alive. In all types of the cancers because of disease, course of treatment and also complication of treatments, directly and indirectly patients’ QOL will change. So finding a way to improve QOL of cancer patients is one of the priority of our health system. One effective way is improvement of sense of coherence (SOC) which is one of the component of salthogenic medicine. In this research we want to know how much influence SOC has on QOL in cancer patients, in a systematic review. Methods and material: We aimed to do a systematic review so in our literature search strategy, we searched in some databases, such as pubmed, scopus, cochrane, web of science and Embase. Then appropriate studies in title, inclusion and exclusion criteria, were selected and their mark in Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) criteria. 8 studies remained for us for our study. Then we extract the data and synthesis the results. Results: In this review, in most of the studies there was a strong association between SOC and QOL, but some confounders such as age, stage of cancer,… can increase or decrease the degree of this association. The differences between the kinds of questions in different questionnaires maybe made these differences. Conclusion: Taken together, there is a moderate correlation between SOC and QOL and some another factors can have effect on both of our variables .SOC can change cross sectional, so, we should do more research to find the factors that can improve the SOC in cancer patients.

Objective: Fear of Covid-19, is one of the subjects experienced by the mankind in 2019 for the reason that it threatened the physical health and life of the individuals, increased their stress and caused the incitation of a vast spectrum of psychological problems like anxiety and depression. Present study tries investigating the role of positivism and uncertainty intolerance in fear of Covid-19. Method: The study population included all the boy and girl university students studying in psychology, educational sciences and counseling majors of Payam-e-Noor University, Khuzestan Branch. Among students, 269 students were voluntarily selected through the social network of Whatsapp. The study method is correlational. The data have been gathered by the assistance of positivism, uncertainty intolerance and fear of Covid-19 questionnaires. Use was made of SPSS for analyzing the data. Result: Regression analysis indicated that positivism and uncertainty intolerance are predictors of fear of Covid-19 and that they account for 16% of the variance of fear of Covid-19 (P<0.05). Conclusions:The present study suggests it to the responsible officials that the prerequisite for reducing the thoughts hence the fear of Covid-19 is the shift from negative to positive attitude and that it is necessary to bring about a change from uncertainty intolerance to uncertainty tolerance.

Type 2 diabetes is conceptualized as a complex interaction of psycho-physiological factors, so it is necessary to consider the factors against this chronic disease. Accordingly, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotional regulation training and autogenic training on the perceived anxiety control in women with type 2 diabetes. Using a quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest design, 33 women with type 2 diabetes were selected through purposive sampling from Tehran and randomly assigned in two experimental groups and one control group. Members of each experimental group received emotional regulation training and autogenic training in ten 90-minute sessions, separately. All respondents were asked to answer the items of demographic information and the Percieved Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ) before and after interventions. To analyze data, MANOVA and Schefee post hoctest were used as statistical methods. The results of analysis showed that both interventions were effective in increasing the perceived anxiety control (p <0.05), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (p> 0.05). Explaining the effectiveness of the interventions, it can be said that both trainings have been able to increase the perceived anxiety control through special techniques, hence using them along with medical treatments is recommended.

Objective: Drug addiction is one of the four worldwide crises of the third millennium, at the forefront of risks and societal ills, and one of the most severe challenges confronting today's societies, particularly ours. The purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of mindfulness on drug craving, stress, and cortisol levels in Mashhad-based males who used crystal meth. Method: Pre- and post-tests with a control group were the sort of quasi-experimental study used. The statistical population comprised all males who used crystal meth, which was sent to the Ofogh Rah-e Sabz addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad, from which 30 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups using accessible sampling methods (15 people in each group). They answered the Holmes and Rahe stress questionnaire in addition to the Somoza et al. cravings questionnaire. And their urine was examined to determine cortisol levels. The experimental group got eight sessions of mindfulness treatment, whereas the control group received no treatment. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine the research data. Results: The findings indicated that mindfulness lowered cravings and stress while increasing cortisol levels (p<0/001). Conclusion:According to the results, mindfulness-based interventions may be utilized with medical therapy for methamphetamine addicts.

Objective: Obesity is one of the risk factors for various diseases as well as mortality and women suffer from it more than men. Therefore, this study was conducted to design and evaluate the effectiveness of bioenergy economy intervention on self-compassion, self-efficacy and weight loss in women with obesity. Methods: The method of the present study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and control groups. The statistical population of the study included obese people referring to psychological counseling centers and nutrition clinics in Tehran in the spring and summer of 2019. Fifty obese women were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The Self-compassion scales of Neff and self-efficacy questionnaires of Scherer et al. were used to collect data. The weight and body mass index of participants were also calculated. Based on instructions of the bioenergy economy protocol of the American University of Medical Energy, a special training package for obesity was designed and the intervention group was trained with this protocol in 8 sessions of 120 minutes for 8 weeks. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance by SPSS software version 24. Results: The results showed the effectiveness of bioenergy economy on self-compassion and self-efficacy (P<0.01). Conclusion: With this description, it can be claimed that effective interventions such as bioenergy economy can be used to increase the health and self-care of people with obesity to prevent the destructive effects of obesity and its complications.