درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study investigated the comparative effect of teaching idiomatic expressions through practicing them in conversation and paragraph writing on intermediate EFL learners’ idiom learning. The participants were sorted out of a population of 134 intermediate students in Zabansara Language School in Khorramabad based on their scores on a Preliminary English Test (PET) and an idiom test piloted in advance. The selected 84 participants were divided randomly into three groups: two experimental groups, namely, conversation and paragraph writing groups, and one control group. The two experimental groups received different treatments. In one class, idioms were taught and learners were asked to make a conversation practicing the new idioms, and in the other class, they were asked to write short paragraphs using the idioms. In the third class, the control group, the new idioms were presented and then practiced through different written exercises. At the end of the treatment period, the researchers administered an idiom posttest. The analysis of the collected data revealed that using new idioms in conversation and paragraph writing helped students learn idioms more efficiently than just practicing them through different written exercises. Moreover, the use of idioms in conversation proved to be more effective than using them in paragraph writing. The findings can have implications in preparing materials, teaching/learning foreign languages, and designing syllabus.

The present study is a theoretical attempt to illustrate how Fillmore's Scenes and Frames Semantics (SFS) could be employed as a framework to portray the process of understanding and translating hybrid texts. It first reviews the origin of SFS; then it maps SFS onto Nida’s linguistic model of translation process and the Interpretive Theory of Translation; it examines in the next section, within the framework of SFS, different forms of understanding and translating hybrid and pure texts with reference to the selection of linguistic frames and more importantly the activation of scenes. The paper explains all four processes of hybridization, dehybridization, rehybridization and hybridity preservation using SFS. The study concludes that, although hybridity is a complex phenomenon, Fillmore’s scenes and frames semantics can adequately explain and justify its different aspects and manifestations. Moreover, it revealed that understanding, seen in SFS model, has an element of individuality and this gives rise to a broader perspective on translation where there can potentially be as many valid translations as there are translators. This has significant implications for our conception, analysis and assessment of translation.

This study investigated the impact of using the technique of self-monitoring on non-academic EFL learners’ composition writing. Fifty female students studying English at Navid English Institute in Shiraz, Iran were chosen based on the results of a proficiency test. They were all 16-20 years old and were intermediate learners of English who were divided into two control and experimental groups and took a writing pre-test. The experimental group (EG) received a training program on the effective use of the technique of self-monitoring proposed by Charles (1990). That is, they learned to add annotations expressing doubts and queries on various parts of their five composition drafts. The students in CG wrote their drafts without annotations. At the end of the twenty-second session course, both groups took a writing posttest. The results indicated that the learners in EG performed significantly better and the global features of organization and content in their writing were enhanced. Surveying the students’ views on self-monitoring, through a questionnaire, revealed their interest in taking charge of their writing task. Findings point to the efficacy of the self-monitoring technique in promoting learners’ writing proficiency and autonomy in handling writing tasks.

هدف پژوهش حاضر مطالعه رابطه ی بین استفاده از راهکارهای شناختی و فراشناختی توسط آزمون شوندگان و عملکرد آنها در آزمون خواندن و درک مطلب بود. پژوهشگران از ابزارهای ذیل برای جمع آوری داده های خودکاوانه و پس کاوانه از شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش استفاده کردند: (1) آزمون جندگزینه ای خواندن و درک مطلب، (2) چک لیست حاوی راهکارهای خاص که باید بلافاصله پس از انتخاب هر گزینه مورد استفاده قرارمی گرفت، (3) چک لیست حاوی راهکارهای عامتر که باید بعد از اتمام آزمون مورد استفاده قرار می گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که آزمون شوندگان از راهکارهای منتهی به پاسخ درست و راهکارهای منتهی به پاسخ نادرست استفاده کرده اند. الگوی استفاده از راهکارها نشانگر گرایش آزمون شوندگان به استفاده بیشتر از راهکار ""بازگشت به متن خواندنی"" به عنوان راهکاری که به پاسخ درست منتهی می شود و راهکار ""حدس"" به عنوان راهکاری که به پاسخ نادرست منتهی می شود می باشد. نتایج همچنین نشان می دهند که عملکرد راهکارهای دوگانه فوق هنگام مقایسه در دو آزمون ساده و مشکل متفاوت است.

"با ترویج روش های برقراری ارتباط گرایش به ""واقعیت"" در آموزش زبان ابعاد گسترده تری یافته است. روش های یاد شده نه تنها تاکید بر استفاده از منابع واقعی زبان در کنار منابع آموزشی دارند بلکه استفاده ای واقعی و طبیعی از این منابع و همچنین استفاده از زبان در موقعیت طبیعی و غیرتصنعی را نیز مد نظر دارند. منابع واقعی زبان با وجود امتیازات فراوان (تنوع شکلی، اطلاعات غنی) نیاز مبرم به برنامه ریزی آموزشی و درسی با در نظر گرفتن مخاطبین زبان آموز دارند. این منابع از همان ابتدای آموزش و در سطوح مبتدی می توانند با طرح تمرینات و فعالیت های مناسب مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و زبان آموز را برای روبرویی با واقعیت زبان آماده سازد. گروهی بودن این تمرینات و فعالیت ها احساس امنیت خاطر به تک تک اعضای گروه داده، نتیجه کار را بهبود می بخشد و موقعیت طبیعی برای کاربرد زبان مورد آموزش را در تبادلات گروهی ایجاد می کند. بدین ترتیب بکارگیری زبان به گونه ای واقعی و طبیعی جایگزین مکالمات مصنوعی در موقعیت های تخیلی که توسط متدهای سمعی و بصری رایج شده و کم و بیش در آموزش ما با روش های برقراری ارتباط باقی مانده است خواهد شد.