درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Studying global warming and assessing its impacts is very important due to economic and social consequences and financial losses. Changes in extreme temperatures can cause enhancement of demands for energy, increase mortality, reduce biodiversity and damage to crops, which makes it essential to be studied. The aim of this study is predicting the changes of extreme temperatures in west of Iran during 2015-2045 period under climate change conditions according to the RCP emission scenarios. To this purpose, the SDSM model under the RCP 8.5 scenario is used for statistical downscaling and data generation of future period, using the GCM models of the CanESM2 and Mann-Kendall nonparametric test is used to analyze trends. From 27 extreme indices of climate change which are defined by ETCCDI, 6 indices of extreme temperatures were selected including diurnal temperature range (DTR), warm and cold days, warm and cold nights, and number of summer days. The results showed that in the predicting period (2015-2045), except Shahr-e-Kord station, the DTR index has a decreasing trend. There was an increasing trend in number of summer days index in all stations, except Hamedan station. In cold night index a decreasing trend is observed in all stations except Shahr-e-Kord station. A significant decreasing trend is observed in number of cold days index in all stations except Sahr-e-Kord. In warm days index, a significant increasing trend is observed in all station. Generally it was found that the significant trend of cold extreme and warm extreme temperatures were decreasing and increasing respectively. Also in most of the studied indices the rate of changes were associated with latitude of the weather station.

Cold and heat stress are environmental factors influencing the state of health of individuals and the wider population. There is a large number of research to document significant increases in mortality and morbidity during cold and heat waves in every climate zone. In spite of the well-documented nature of heat/cold-related health problems, only in few countries local or national authorities have developed any special adaptation strategies for their healthcare systems (HCS), with a view to addressing predicted increases in the frequency and severity of cold- and heat-stress events. Such strategies draw on epidemiological and climatological research.  For example in Poland in the years 2012-2015 research project pursued to study regional differentiation in climate-related diseases in Poland, with regional-level predictions for their occurrence through to 2100. The results of the project were applied in a national strategy for adaptation to climate change This paper presents key results of the part of this project dealing with heat- and cold related mortality in various regions of Poland. Overall, in the near future a 4-28% increase in the number of days imposing heat stress is anticipated, and may result in heat-related mortality significantly higher by the last decade of the 21 st century than in the years 1991-2000 (at a level between 137 and 277%).