درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- Rural entrepreneurship is a suitable solution for empowerment and capacity building in rural areas in order to change the current life pattern, create economic, social, environmental and institutional equality.Meanwhile, women play apivotalrole in promoting employment and improving the economic status of rural areas.Thus, a thorough conception of all aspects of entrepreneurship can be an effective factor in increasing the success rate.Design/methodology/approach- In this research, a descriptive survey and correlation method have been used.To analyze the data collected through field study, various descriptive and inferential statistical methods have been employed by SPSS15 software.Using the LISREL 8.5 software, the relationships between independent and dependent variables as well as the structural equation have been determined.Findings- The results indicate that three factors including structural, behavioral, contextual and the most important item of each factor including "paying attention to the social environment", "paying attention to development","Legislating the necessary laws and regulations" could be measured integrally in the structural equation model, respectively.It is also revealed how is possible to create innovatively the identifying and implementing stages of the investing process and creating women's businesses by becoming more detailed and determining the subset of each of the main structural, behavioral and contextual factors.Considering the structural equation model, the importance of these factors in the investing process and creating women's businesses in the southern villages of the country is highlighted.Original/value- Research and training activities can be one of the initiatives of governments and institutions related to the subject. Knowing the market context, the experiences of other regions of the country, obstacles to women's entrepreneurship, and the opportunities for women's entrepreneurship in different rural areas of the south of the country provide suitable opportunities for women's entrepreneurial activities. Furthermore, training programs should be based on women's condition in the village in such a way that the level of education, type of profession, geographical region are of the effective factors in the design and implementation of training programs. Providing training packages and the possibility of distance training is also useful for all entrepreneurs in the southern parts of the country.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of teaching grammar explicitly on Iranian tourism and hotel management students’ grammar knowledge. The 65 Iranian tourism and hotel management students who participated in this study were homogenized based on the Nelson proficiency test, so 51 tourism and hotel management students were selected as the main participants. They were divided into three experimental groups, which were called the "integrated FFI group," "pre-task FFI group," and "post-task FFI group." The learners' scores were compared using ANCOVA to analyze the data. The learners were pretested using the error correction test to assess their explicit grammar knowledge. After the treatment sessions, learners were post-tested using the error correction test to check the efficacy of the timing of form-focused instruction on the development of explicit knowledge of grammar. Based on the obtained results, it was found that there is a significant difference between the effects of integrated FFI, pre-task FFI, and post-task FFI on the explicit knowledge of the grammar of tourism and hotel management students.

Traditional houses enjoy an organizing with inner spaces based on religious and traditional notions of Iranian families. Space flexibility, readability, introversion, spatial hierarchy and family privacy have had a special status in architecture of Iranian houses, replaced with an outward-oriented architecture. The traditional architecture which has had all the necessary spaces for any communication inside the house has converted to the hotel architecture that its residents have not expected the stability and comfort from it, to whom just the equipment and services at hotel architecture are of great importance to which they have no sense and attachment. Living at contemporary houses has raised the problems such as reduced sense of belonging, comfort and emotional and family problems. The present research intends to compare traditional houses with contemporary houses by study on architecture plans of Iranian traditional houses and emphasis on their spatial richness and quality so as to get familiar with spatial concepts of these houses and take an effective step on how to influence these neglected concepts on single-dimensional spaces of contemporary houses.