فیلترهای جستجو:
فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۵٬۷۸۱ تا ۵٬۸۰۰ مورد از کل ۱۱٬۳۹۱ مورد.
A Brain-Friendly Teaching Inventory: A Rasch-based Model Validation(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۴, No.۲۹, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۱
100 - 120
حوزههای تخصصی:
Teachers usually teach according to how brains naturally learn. In this way, not only do their learners learn, retain, and recall quickly, but also the teaching becomes more joyful. Increased attention to the worthwhile role of the mind in learning/teaching in recent times Due to the lack of a valid scale for estimating teachers' awareness of brain-friendly teaching, the current study intended to construct and validate a 54-item brain-friendly teaching inventory by the implementation of the Rasch model. The test was administered to 200 Iranian EFL teachers from different educational contexts. The results revealed that all the 54 items of the scale had a good fit to the Rasch model. Infit and outfit values were within the acceptable range which indicates unidimensionality of the scale. Furthermore, it is asserted that the inventory enjoyed suitable reliability. This demonstrates that the Brain-Friendly Teaching Inventory is valid and can be applied as a scale for assessing the teachers' awareness of brain-friendly teaching.
Identity Representation Strategies used by English and EL2 Political Actors and Researchers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies,Vol ۱۱, No. ۱, ۲۰۱۹
161 - 180
حوزههای تخصصی:
Previous literature on the study of identity representation in political discourse has been mainly concerned with the spoken discourse and the representation of self. However, the way different groups of political agents represent others’ identities across languages has not attracted much attention. Using Wodak’s (2007) Discourse Historical approach to CDA, the present study investigates the way EL2 and English speaking political actors and researchers in the context of Iran and the U.S represent others’ identities in their political discourse. Through purposive sampling, 28 English political speeches and columns produced by native and non-native (Persian) speakers of English were selected for analysis. The results of CDA, as well as Chi-square tests of statistical significance, indicated there were differences in the quality and quantity of the strategies employed by the two groups of political agents across language groups. EL2 speakers of English used more implicit, covert, anonymous and less transparent as well as more distant representation strategies than English agents who tended to use more explicit, direct and involved strategies. Implications were drawn for ESP material development at an advanced level.
مناظرات پروین اعتصامی از منظر سیاسی – اجتماعی بر اساس الگوی فرکلاف(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
زبان پژوهی سال دوازدهم زمستان ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۳۷
343 - 367
حوزههای تخصصی:
تحلیلِ گفتمان - که با بررسی و پیوندِ میانِ متن و عوامل اجتماعی و بیرونیِ آن سر و کار دارد- به واسطه زبان، دستور و بافتِ متن، می تواند شرایط اجتماعی و فرهنگی را نمایان سازد. با تلفیقِ الگوی فرکلاف و زبان شناسی نقش گرای هلیدی، به خوبی می توان، ایدئولوژی، قدرت و بافتِ اجتماعیِ روزگارِ پروینِ اعتصامی را بازنمایی کرد. به همین منظور، در پژوهشِ حاضر، برای تبیینِ بهتر ِشرایط فرهنگی و اجتماعیِ روزگارِ پروینِ اعتصامی، هفت مناظره وی، با تمرکز بر فرآیندِ افعال و ویژگی های دستوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مسأله اصلی پژوهش آن است که چگونه ساختارِ اجتماعیِ روزگارِ پروین اعتصامی در مناظره های وی بازتاب یافته است. همچنین، گفتمانِ غالب، قدرت های موجود و ایدئولوژی حاکم بر مناظره ها کدام اند. این پژوهش بر آن است پیوند میانِ ساختارِ متنِ مناظره ها، ایدئولوژی ها و قدرت های حاکم آن زمان را شناسایی کند تا بتواند تأثیر و پیوندِ دوسویه متن و شرایطِ اجتماعی مربوط به آن را تبیین کند. با واکاوی این هفت مناظره، یافته هایی به دست آمد؛ نظام سیاسی- اجتماعی دو پایه اصلی دارد که حکومت و عوامل وابسته به حکومت در رأس آن قرار می گیرند و رعیت در مرتبه فرودست و زیرِ سلطه حکام قرار دارد. از دیدگاه پروین اعتصامی، ایدئولوژی که سبب به وجود آمدن این سلطه نابرابر شده است، ایدئولوژی های مذهبی است. همچنین، مشارک رعیت به دلیل نبودِ آگاهی، زیرِ سلطه مشارکین حکومتی قرار می گیرد. این مقاله توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و به روش کتابخانه ای نگاشته شده است.
The Influence of Autonomy on Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Podcasting Tasks, Gain and Retention(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۷, Issue ۲۵, Spring ۲۰۱۹
127-141
حوزههای تخصصی:
The use of podcasts in learning has been supported by distance education theories that deal with the role of interaction as well as communication in improving teaching and learning. New technologies such as podcasts can have influential learner support in distance education and address learner cognitive requirements by incorporating communication within study resources. The present study investigated the effects of learners’ autonomy on their vocabulary podcasting tasks, gain and retention in an E-learning context. Two separate one-way multivariate analysis of variance (one-way MANOVA) were run in order to answer the questions. The results revealed that autonomy levels significantly affected Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary gain and retention. The participants who had higher autonomy levels had higher levels of vocabulary gain as well as retention applying audio podcasts plus still pictures and audio podcasts plus animated pictures. As the effects of attitude and autonomy on language learning are unquestionable, the present study can help teachers and learners have better considerations of attitude and autonomy in an E-learning context.
Impact of Using Web-quests on Learning Vocabulary by Iranian Pre-university Students(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۶, Issue ۲۲, Summer ۲۰۱۸
33 - 46
حوزههای تخصصی:
Web-quests are internet-based technology applications in which groups of students follow a specific set of steps toward the completion of a final project on a specific subject or a multi-disciplinary subject. The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of using web-quests on learning vocabulary by Iranian pre-university students. The sample of the study consisted of 72 students assigned into two groups. One of the groups represented the control group, and included 23 students; the other group represented the experimental group and comprised 49 students. The two groups were chosen from a population of pre-university students in Chadegan, Isfahan, Iran. The web-quest strategy was used in teaching the experimental group, while the traditional method was used with the control group in the second term of the school year 2015-2016. An Oxford Placement Test (OPT), a vocabulary pretest, a vocabulary posttest, and an attitude questionnaire were the data elicitation tools employed in this study. The collected data were analyzed using independent-samples t test, which was used to determine the existence of possible significant differences between the groups both before and after the instruction. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between both groups in favor of the experimental group. The conclusion, thus, could be that the students in the experimental group, who used the web-quest resources for learning vocabulary, performed significantly better than the students in the control group, who learnt vocabulary through traditional method of learning vocabulary. Finally, questionnaire data analyzed via one-sample t test indicated that the experimental group learners had a positive attitude towards the treatment they experienced in the experiment.
Application of Polysystem Theory to English to Persian Translations of Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
منبع:
Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Translation Studies, Vol. ۶, No. ۱, Winter ۲۰۲۱
1 - 20
حوزههای تخصصی:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the acceptability of two Persian translations of Rowling's Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by finding the position of each Persian translation in the literary polysystem of Iran. It also aimed to identify the most/least used translation strategies applied by each Persian translator, Morteza Madaninejad (2000) and Hamideh Ashkannezhand (2004), for translating culture-specific items (CSIs) from English into Persian. To do so, CSIs were extracted from the novel and classified based on Espindola and Vasconcellos's (2006) classification of cultural items. Then, Pederson's (2005) taxonomy of translation strategies was used to analyze the two Persian translations. The results indicated that Madaninejad preferred to use source oriented strategies. Thus, the translation he produced occupied the primary position in the literary polysystem. By contrast, Ashkannezhand had an interest in the use of target -oriented strategies. The findings have implications for translators of literary texts.
Effects of Audio-Visually Prompted Collaborative Dialogue on EFL Learners' Listening Comprehension Development(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study investigated the comparative effects of audio-visually prompted collaborative dialogue on the listening comprehension development of symmetrical, asymmetrical, and asymmetrical teacher-fronted EFL learner groups. Besides, it explored the attitude of the participants of the groups concerning the effectiveness of collaborative dialogue for their listening comprehension improvement. The participants of the study were 120 Iranian female EFL learners who were conveniently chosen from several English language institutes and put into three experimental and one control groups, each with 30 learners. In the first experimental group, coequal learners engaged in collaborative dialogue. In the second experimental group, the expert peer(s) and less knowledgeable peers applied collaborative dialogue, and in the third experimental group, in addition to the peers, the teacher was involved in collaborative dialogue with the group members. As for the control group, the collaborative dialogue was abandoned and the participants worked individually. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that collaborative dialogue in asymmetrical teacher-fronted, asymmetrical peer and symmetrical peer groups were respectively the most effective procedures for listening comprehension development of the EFL learners. Also, it was found that the participants of the asymmetrical teacher fronted group had a more positive attitude towards the efficacy of audio-visually prompted collaborative dialogue compared with asymmetrical and symmetrical peer groups. The findings underscore the cognitive and affective efficiency of a more knowledgeable source, either a teacher or a peer, in asymmetrical dyadic interactions for the less knowledgeable partners' ZPD sensitive development.
The Effect of Input-based and Output-based Focus on Form Instruction on Learning Grammar by Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۱, No.۲۲, Spring & Summer ۲۰۱۸
74 - 90
حوزههای تخصصی:
This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of input-enhancement and production of sentences, containing the target structures, on learning grammar by Iranian Intermediate EFL learners. Sixty male students in three input, output, and control groups participated in the study. After checking the homogeneity of the participants with a proficiency test, the researchers administered a pretest. Input-based group received input enhancement within reading texts in which the target structures were highlighted with different techniques such as bolding and underlying. The output-based group were required to produce some sentences including target structures based on reading texts. The control group received traditional grammar instruction. The results of ANCOVA revealed that both experimental groups learned the target structures better than the control group; however, the input-based group outperformed output-based group in learning target grammatical structures. The findings of the study suggest the widespread use of input-enhancement, as one of the techniques of focus on form, plays a significant role in enhancing grammatical accuracy.
An Applied Linguistics Look at the Linguistic Comparison of Nominal Group Complexity between Two Samples of a Genre(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The roles and effects of changes in syntax on comprehension and processing effort, and the relationships between these two, comprise a large and separate field of inquiry, with the general belief now in place that such changes and variations bring about varied psycholinguistic and discursive implications for comprehension, manifesting themselves differently in different genres.The current study is a brief attempt at bringing out the differences in the complexity of the noun groups in two novels, one of which is a 19th century novel, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, and the other is a 21st century one, Stephanie Meyer’s Twilight. Each novel was analyzed for the ten longest nominal groups used in them, representative also of the complexity inherently evidenced by a long nominal group. It turned out that there is little difference between the size of noun groups in the two novels. Thus, the added complexity and challenge in processing and comprehending 19th century prose fiction can be explained by the generic tendency in such genre towards the deployment of a higher rate of rank-shifted embedded structures in the noun groups and more varied qualifiers that employ more non-finite clauses as post-nominal qualification. There is need to look into processing difficulty and interpretation challenge posed by different literary genres for different groups of learners, because, in line with a now common SLA understanding, full and conscious comprehension, parsing and interpretation of syntactic components play a marked role in rich and native-like writing for learners.
An Online System’s Effect on Iranians’ EFL Academic Writing Performance across Different Proficiency Levels(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to discover whether an online writing system has any effect on Iranians’ EFL academic writing performance. The study also sought to find out whether the proficiency level of learners influenced the effect of the system on academic writing. To meet this end, an online writing system was developed and 68 undergraduate students of the General English language course studying at Sharif University of Technology were requested to participate in this study. First, their English language proficiency was measured by a language proficiency test that included 80 questions of one of the latest versions of the official TOEFL iBT test, which was provided by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). Then, over an eight-week period, the participants were assigned to write eight versions of academic writing that followed a genre-based teaching approach through computer-based instructions. The writing scores were statistically analyzed and the results revealed that providing students with computer-assisted instruction (CAI) led to significant improvements in their academic writing performance. Moreover, according to the findings of this study, the learners’ level of proficiency did influence the effect of the system.
«از قدیم، جدید بوده ایم؛ تحلیل نشانه شناسی طراحی چند محصول پانوسونیک در آگهی های تبلیغاتی بیلبوردها و تلویزیون»
منبع:
رخسار زبان سال اول پاییز ۱۳۹۶ شماره ۲
۱۴۴-۱۲۳
حوزههای تخصصی:
این مقاله درصدد است تا نشان دهد چگونه مطالعه نشانه شناسی می تواند در فهم جنبه های ارتباطی در طراحی محصول به کار آید، جهت نیل به این مقصود پس از تبیین مفاهیم پایه و تشریح برخی فواید و ضرورتهای نشانه شناسی از دیدگاه متخصصان این علم و سپس دیدی اجمالی به چگونگی به وجود آمدن این دانش و توضیح برخی از ابزار و نظریه های این علم، به چگونگی استفاده از این دانش در طراحی محصول با ارائه نمونه های موردی (آگهی های تبلیغاتی محصولات پاناسونیک در تلویزیون و بیلبوردهای تبلیغاتی) با تکیه بر مدل تحلیل نشانه شناسی جودیت ویلیامسن صورت گرفت. در تحلیل پیامهای تبلیغاتی و قالب بررسی نمونه هایی مختلف مشخص شد که پنج عنصر مورد نظر ویلیامسن در تحلیلهای نشانه شناسی که عبارتند از: کارکرد تمایزگذاری، همپیوندی عینی، تابعیت واقعیت از کالا، موجد احساس بودنِ کالا و جایگزینی احساس با کالا به خوبی در محصولات پاناسونیک نمایانگر هستند و معنای ایدولوژیک هر آگهی از طریق دالها ساخته می شود، و با استفاده از تحلیل نشانه شناسی می توان معانی پنهانِ تصاویر (دال) را رمزگشایی کرد. نشانه شناسی افزون بر ارائه فنونی برای قوت بخشیدن به پیامهای تبلیغاتی در کشف نظام معنایی ناپیدا یا نظام ارزشهای پنهان در تبلیغات نیز کاربرد دارد.
نگاهی به کتاب Modality, aspect and negation in persian و ترجمه فارسی آن(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
Examining the Effects of Writing Instruction through Blogging on Second Language Writing Performance and Anxiety(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study investigated the effects of blog-mediated instruction on English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners’ writing performance and anxiety. In addition, it aimed to probe into the EFL learners’ attitudes towards blog-mediated writing instruction. The participants of the study included forty-six Iranian EFL learners from two intact university classes, who were randomly assigned to the Control Group (N = 21) and the Experimental Group (N = 25). Over a 16-week university semester, the Control Group was taught using traditional writing instruction while the Experimental Group was taught using a blog-mediated writing course. The data were collected through two timed writing tasks, Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (Cheng, 2004), and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that, although both groups benefited from their writing sessions, there was a significant difference in the positive effects of blog-mediated and traditional writing instruction on L2 writing performance, showing that the Experimental Group had a better performance on the posttest writing performance task than the Control Group. The results also revealed that the blog-mediated course reduced the participants’ L2 writing anxiety in the Experimental Group while traditional instruction did not have positive effects on reducing L2 writing anxiety in the Control Group. The data from semi-structures interviews indicated that the interviewees from the Experimental Group were generally positive about the blog-mediated writing course, with little skepticism and negativism echoed about the course. The findings offer significant implications for theory and practice on L2 writing instruction.
بازتاب ادبیات عامه ایران در سفرنامه از خراسان تا بختیاری اثر هانری رنه دالمانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
مطالعات زبان و ترجمه سال پنجاه و چهارم پاییز ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۳
97 - 122
حوزههای تخصصی:
ادبیات عامه بخش مهم و قابل توجهی از فرهنگ عامه (فولکلور) را دربرمی گیرد که به طور شفاهی از نسلی به نسل دیگر انتقال یافته و جمع آوری و بررسی آن ، بسیاری از نکات تاریک و مبهم زندگی ملل را آشکار می سازد. اینگونه تصاویر در واقع، گنجینه های ملی هستند که «حافظه جمعی» مردم یک سرزمین را تشکیل می دهند. از این رو، سفرنامه های اروپایی که تصویر گر عناصر ادبیات عامه ایران هستند، از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردارند و بررسی آن ها در حوزه ادبیات تطبیقی قرار می گیرد؛ چراکه سفرنامه ها آیینه بازتاب فرهنگ و جامعه «دیگری» هستند که در آن ها می توان به تجلی فرهنگ و ادبیات عامه به صورت تصاویر بسته ای از استرئوتیپ ها و کلیشه های ملی و بینافرهنگی دست یافت. بدین منظور، از میان آثار سیاحان فرانسوی که در قرن بیستم میلادی به ایران عزیمت کردند، سفرنامه هانری رنه دالمانی که بیش از دیگر سفرنامه های هم عصر خود، تحت تأثیر ادبیات عامه روایت شده، مورد تحقیق و بررسی قرار گرفته است. در همین راستا، این مقاله در تلاش است تا در چارچوب رهیافت تصویرشناسی، ضمن واکاوی تصاویر بازنمایی شده از ادبیات عامه ایران در سفرنامه هانری رنه دالمانی تحت عنوان از خراسان تا بختیاری، به شیوه توصیفی_تحلیلی، به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که ادبیات عامه ایران چگونه در سفرنامه دالمانی بازتاب یافته و ایدئولوژی سیاح چه نقشی در این بازنمایی داشته است؟ نتایج حاصل آمده از تحقیق نشان می دهند که تصاویر بازنمایی شده شامل جلوه های عامیانه ادبیات فارسی، اشعار، القاب و گفتارهای عامیانه و حکایاتی است که اهمیت جایگاه زبان و ادب فارسی نزد ایرانیان و اروپائیان را نشان داده و از خلال حکایات، ابعادی از فرهنگ ایران تجلی یافته است.
تصحیح انتقادی و ترجمه چهار غزل اوحدی مراغه ای به گویش اصفهانیِ قرن هفتم و هشتم هجری(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
در دیوان اوحدی مراغه ای چهار غزل به گویش قدیم مردم اصفهان دیده می شود که در نسخه های خطی، کاستی ها و تصرفات فراوانی بدان ها راه یافته است، به گونه ای که گاهی برخی واژه ها حتی در دو دست نویس هم یکسان نیست، و متن های چاپی دیوان اوحدی نیز وضعیت مناسب تری ندارد. اگرچه ادیب طوسی به سال 1342 خورشیدی، سه غزل از این چهار غزل را در مقاله ای تصحیح، برگردان به فارسی و آوانگاری، و تا حدی اشکالات این سه غزل را برطرف کرده است، اما کار او نیز خالی از اشکال نیست و کاستی هایی دارد. از این روی، تصحیح و گزارش دوباره این سه غزل، و البته غزلی که وی بدان نپرداخته است، بایسته می نماید. در این جستار، پس از مقدمه و بیانِ پیشینه پژوهش و معرفی نسخه ها و متن های دسترس، همه غزل های گویشی اوحدی مراغه ای تصحیحِ انتقادی، گزارش و در صورت لزوم حرکت گذاری یا آوانگاری گردیده است. نیز از برخی کاستی های مقاله ادیب طوسی، در گزارش ابیات سخن رفته است.
فرایند تکرار در آثار نمایشی ساروت، پویایی زبان کلامی یا ایستایی آن؟(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
زبان پژوهی سال دوازدهم پاییز ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۳۶
237 - 256
حوزههای تخصصی:
ناتالی ساروت، از پیشگامان رمان نو در فرانسه است. وجه تمایز اصلی وی با دیگر نویسندگان، در نگاه تازه ای است که به مبحث زبان و مشکلات آن دارد. تکرار را می توان نمونه ای از بروز جریاناتِ تروپیسمی ساروتی در زبان بیرونی دانست. تروپیسم، در حقیقت همان واکنش یا تحریکات ایجاد شده در اثر حضور دیگری است. این حضور، دنیای درونِ شخصیت های ساروت را دچار دگرگونی کرده و تأثیر آن در رفتار و گفتارشان نمود می یابد. به بیان دیگر، خود را در حضور دیگری یافتن، به معنایِ درکِ لزومِ ارتباط و خودابرازی (سخن گفتن و برقراری ارتباط) است. این در حالی است که در دنیای ساروت خودابرازی مساوی با محدود کردنِ معنا و احساس است. به محض سخن گفتن، زبان قراردادی یا بیرونی شکل می گیرد، اما زبانِ نامحدود درونی که مکانِ احساسات ناب و غیرقابل بیان ها است، خدشه دار می شود. چرا که نمی تواند کامل و بی نقص به مرحله تولید زبان برسد. از این رو، زبان نزد ساروت بیش از آنکه انتقال دهنده معنا باشد، بازتاب کننده و برانگیزنده احساس است. هر چند، مشاهده و تفکیکِ قطعی زبانِ برانگیخته شده و ملتهب از احساس امری غیرممکن است، اما نشانه هایی از این ناآرامی در قالب های کلامی قابل رویت و قابل ارزیابی چون تکرار تجلی می یابد. مطالعه این فرایندِ زبانی، از این رو اهمیت دارد که در متن ساروتی بارها استفاده شده و بخش مهمی از نقشِ تشدیدِ ارتباط کلامی (ارتباطی که در قالب گفتار شکل می گیرد) را بر عهده دارد. در آثار داستانی ساروت، زبان متزلزلِ راوی از مهم ترین ابزارها و مکان های جلوه تروپیسم به شمار می آید. این در حالی است که در آثار نمایشی، روایتِ حذف شده با دیداسکالی های کوتاه و گزیده جایگزین شده است. این مسأله بر اهمیت و قدرت گفتار شخصیت ها یا مکالمه می افزاید. این مقاله، در تلاش است با نگرشی جدید به بررسی اجمالیِ مسأله زبان در آثار نمایشیِ این نویسنده « سرهیچ و پوچ ، او آن جاست ، زیباست ، ایسما ، دروغ ، سکوت » بپردازد. همچنین پژوهش حاضر بر آن است نقش تکرار به عنوان فرایندی کلامی در پویایی یا ایستاییِ متن و چگونگی تجلیِ تروپیسم ساروتی یا احساس در کلام را تبیین کند.
The Effect of Blended Teaching on Reading Strategy Use by Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۳, Issue ۱۱, Autumn ۲۰۱۵
25 - 38
حوزههای تخصصی:
The present study investigated the effect of blended online and face-to-face instruction on the use of reading strategies by Iranian EFL learners. Out of 100 pre-selected learners, 60 homogeneous participants were identified as intermediate, according to their scores on the Oxford Placement Test. The participants were assigned to experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Then, a pretest was administered to assess participants’ current knowledge of reading comprehension. Both groups received a 7-session reading instruction. Whereas the experimental group was subjected to blended online environment where they could take advantage of Nicenet platform, the participants in the control group received materials, instruction and feedback through traditional methods in the classroom. After the experiment, the participants were required to take a reading comprehension test similar pretest as the post-test. In order to compare the frequency of reading strategy use by the experimental and control groups, the participants in the two groups were asked to fill out the Reading Strategies Questionnaire both before and after the experiment. The results of t-test between pre- and post-test showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in using the reading strategies.The findings of this study could help EFL teachers and syllabus designers gain insights into the processes learners go through when reading.
Teaching Pronunciation of English with Computer Technology: A Qualitative Study
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study investigated teachers’ views toward computer technology in teaching English pronunciation. In order to select teachers for the semi-structured interview, the researcher used a questionnaire and distributed it to 25 teachers from two Islamic Azad Universities of Guilan, Iran. The researcher chose 15 of them based on their answers to the questionnaire. Then a qualitative method design was used. It consisted of semi-structured interview questions with a sample of 15 teachers chosen from two Azad Universities. Data were collected and analyzed. Qualitative data were analyzed according to the process of reducing data, constructing theme, and drawing conclusions from the data. The findings showed teachers’ interest in using computer technology because it provided them with enjoyable and interactive environment, helped them obtain accurate pronunciation, and improved the quality of their pronunciation instruction. The findings also revealed that using computer technology raised teachers’ confidence and motivation toward it because it had a high potential that changed their instruction. Moreover, the findings indicated that teachers had enough knowledge of computer technology that helped them teach pronunciation effectively. In addition, the findings represented that using computer technology was not a threat to the traditional methods but it brought about better results than these methods.
The Narrative Affordances and Limitations of Internal Focalization for Creating Suspense and Surprise in Persian Detective Novels, A Case Study: Esmail Fassih’s the Falcon and the Owls(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Various types of focalization are important elements in creating suspense and surprise. This study finds use of narrative discourse analysis in order to discover the narrative affordances and limitations of internal focalization for creating suspense and surprise in Persian detective novels, specifically, Esmail Fassih’s The Falcon and the Owls . Duality (the existence of two temporal sets in the structure of the narrative), raising implicit questions in the first and other scenes of the novel, flashback, flashforward, different types of internal and external conflicts, spatial limitation of the focalizer and the suspense after the surprise are some of the affordances and limitations of the internal focalizer in creating suspense and surprise. In The Falcon and the Owls , the most significant strengths of the internal focalizer are the extensive attention given to narrative affordances such as raising implicit questions in the first and other scenes of the novel as well as going back and forth in time; while its weaknesses include giving insufficient attention to the tactic of multiple internal focalization, paying unnecessary attention to unimportant omissions and omitting important events.