فیلترهای جستجو:
فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۳٬۶۲۱ تا ۳٬۶۴۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۵۱۵ مورد.
منبع:
Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Translation Studies, Vol. ۵, No. ۲, June ۲۰۲۰
99 - 118
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to assess the quality of English translations of Imam Khamenei’s (D. Ẓ. A.) letters addressing the youth in the West based on House’s revised (1997) model of translation quality assessment. Such texts are considered political and/ or religious, and their translations require meticulous quality assessment. Yet, rarely did the researchers find any study addressing this important area of translation. Therefore, the current study, which employed a qualitative type of research, focused on the translation of such type of texts. The assessment revealed dimensional mismatches between the original and the translated versions in the areas of field, tenor, and mode. The findings of the current study can help improve the quality of the translation of the speech.
جشنی برای سالگرد ثبت ملی زبان سمنانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
من در تاریخ 30 دی ماه 1398 از طرف انجمن دوستداران میراث فرهنگی و طبیعی سمنان، به ویژه برای پاسداشت سومین سالگرد ثبت ملی زبان سمنانی در سازمان میراث فرهنگی و صنایع دستی و گردشگری ایران به سمنان دعوت شدم. این مراسم که بسیار باشکوه بود با حضور جمع کثیری از سمنانی های عزیز برگزار شد و همراه با نمایشگاه عکس های تاریخی و برنامه های شاد توسط تعدادی از هنرمندان ملی انجام گردید. در آن روز تعدادی از اساتید دانشگاه سمنان و نیز فرهیختگان این شهر به ایراد سخنرانی پرداختند. در اینجا جا دارد از دوست و همکار عزیزم، روانشاد خانم دکتر عصمت اسماعیلی، استاد بنام رشته ی زبان و ادبیات فارسی و نیز مدیر گروه این رشته در دانشگاه سمنان نام ببرم که پیام رئیس دانشگاه سمنان را درباره ی این جشن و علت آن گردهمایی قرائت کردند. متأسفانه کرونا این عزیز را هم از ما و از جامعه ی علمی کشورمان ربود. من یک بار دیگر فقدان ایشان را به همه ی همکاران علمی و دانشگاهی ایران و نیز به خانواده و دوستان ایشان تسلیت می گویم. خانم دکتر اسماعیلی با اینکه خود اهل زنجان بودند ولی علاوه بر تخصص به زبان و ادبیات فارسی، علاقه ی وافری به گویش های ایرانی و به ویژه گویش های استان سمنان داشتند و جزو افرادی بودند که برای ثبت زبان سمنانی فعالیت های چشمگیری انجام داده اند. ایشان در آذرماه 1389 همایش بین المللی گویش های کویری ایران را به نحو بسیار باشکوهی در دانشگاه سمنان برگزار کردند که من و دکتر ثمره عزیز هم در آن همایش شرکت کردیم.
آیرونی کلامی و کاربردهای زبان شناختیِ آن در فراتاریخ نگاری با تکیه بر دو نمایشنامه جنگنامه غلامان و فتح نامه کلات اثر بهرام بیضایی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
مقاله حاضر می کوشد بر اساسِ ایده فراتاریخ نگاری، به تحلیل عملکرد ظرفیت های زبان از منظرِ آیرونی کلامی در بازنماییِ رویدادهای تاریخی در دو نمایشنامه جنگنامه غلامان و فتح نامه کلات بپردازد. بر این اساس، ابتدا می کوشیم تعریفی از فراتاریخ نگاری و اهمیت آیرونی به عنوان یک مؤلفه مهم در فراتاریخ نگاری ارائه دهیم و سپس انواع آیرونی کلامی و عملکرد آن در متن نمایشی را شرح و بسط داده و به تحلیلِ مؤلفه ها در نمونه های مطالعه بپردازیم. بنابراین، چارچوب بحث تلفیقی از مطالعاتِ زبان شناسی و سبک شناسیِ «دیردر ویلسون» و «هایدن وایت» است. روش انجام این پژوهش، توصیفی و تحلیلی بوده و با نمونه کاوی، امکان تحلیلِ مؤلفه ها فراهم شده است. یافته های این پژوهش نشان می دهد در دو نمایشنامه بهرام بیضایی، آیرونی کلامی به مثابه تمهیدی زبانی در جهتِ بهره گیری از ظرفیت های بالقوه زبان و ابزاری در جهتِ دلالت گری های تاریخی است. این ظرفیتِ زبانی گاه خود را در گزاره های پارودیک و کلامی و گاه در بافتِ تفسیری و تحلیلیِ متن آشکار می سازد، با درنظر گرفتن این نکته که سازوکارِ ایجاد آیرونی و معنا در متن نمایشنامه بدونِ درنظر گرفتنِ فرامتنِ تاریخ ممکن نیست.
The Effect of Multiple Intelligence-Oriented Thematic Clustering on Advanced EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), Volume ۳۹, Issue ۲, Summer ۲۰۲۰
169 - 201
حوزههای تخصصی:
Burgeoning research in applied linguistics has underscored the interplay among individual, cognitive, and social variables that can delineate the ultimate attainment in various areas including vocabulary learning and the need to explore how innovative conflation of these dimensions may promote learning outcomes. The present quasi-experimental study examined the impact of Thematic Vocabulary Instruction (TVI) with and without Multiple Intelligence-oriented tasks on advanced EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and scrutinized probable differences among individual learners with varying intellectual propensities. Thus, a stratified homogeneous sample of 80 advanced EFL learners was selected and randomly assigned to four groups; the first and the second experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) received TVI with tasks compatible and incompatible with their dominant intelligence, respectively. The third experimental group (EG3) received TVI focused on coursebook exercises and the control group (CG) received non-thematic instruction based on textbook exercises. A parallel vocabulary test was administered to measure the participants’ vocabulary learning. The research data were analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and revealed that the EG1 significantly outperformed the other groups and intrapersonally-intelligent learners significantly underperformed their peers in the EG1. The findings underscore the significance of taking individual differences into account and offer a number of pedagogical implications.
Integrating Culture into Teaching EFL in General Education: A Context of Vietnam(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This action research study aims to test the feasibility of applying an intercultural language learning and teaching model (IcLLT) to teaching EFL in general education in Vietnam through teachers’ and students’ responses to two trial lessons. The IcLLT model of “construction”, “connection”, “interaction”, “reflection”, and “extension” is developed to foster students’ intercultural competence by invoking their engagement in social interaction and critical cultural reflection. As shown in observations and students’ evaluation sheets, the intercultural language activities in IcLLT lessons could engage the students in activating prior knowledge, comparing culture, talking about cultural issues, and participating in intercultural communication. However, they were not able to reflect on their intercultural perspectives in oral interaction as much as in their writing. In parallel, the teacher agreed that the activities requiring students’ reflection were most challenging and the other three steps of “construction”, “connection”, “interaction” could be conducted in relevance to three-stage Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) skill lessons of Pre-While-Post. The IcLLT is applicable to teach integrated skill CLT lessons with culture-specific input if intercultural objectives are added and relevant intercultural language activities with more focus on students’ intercultural interactions and critical reflection are conducted. Hence, IcLLT could be recommended as a supplementary approach to integrating culture into EFL teaching to build students’ intercultural communicative competence, which is considered a critical part of the new educational reform in general education in Vietnam
Using Multiple-Variable Matching to Identify EFL Ecological Sources of Differential Item Functioning(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Context is a vague notion with numerous building blocks making language test scores inferences quite convoluted. This study has made use of a model of item responding that has striven to theorize the contextual infrastructure of differential item functioning (DIF) research and help specify the sources of DIF. Two steps were taken in this research: first, to identify DIF by gender grouping via logistic regression modeling, an inventory of mostly cited DIF sources was prepared, based on which a list of demographic items was appended to the TOEFL reading paper only to be administered to the intermediate Iranian undergraduates; second, using multiple-variable matching regression (Wu & Ercikan, 2006), a built-in sequence was followed to let every potential DIF source be considered as a covariate, over and above the conditioning variable, and specify whether a particular ecological variable could reduce DIF value/status. Then, all significant variables were analyzed together to show the final DIF predictors. The same procedures, i.e., individual/collective analyses, were employed after the purification of the test. The results indicated three ecological predictors affecting DIF before and after purification: income, administration convenience, and SES. The ultimate predictors helped create an EFL configuration of the ecological model of item responding. The implications for validity arguments are also discussed.
بررسی پیوندهای زبانی میان پهلوی اشکانی و نوشته هایی از گویش گرگانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
زبان پژوهی سال دوازدهم تابستان ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۳۵
111 - 130
حوزههای تخصصی:
پهلوی اشکانی، یکی از زبان های ایرانی است که نوشته های آن در دوره میانه زبان های ایرانی از اشکانیان، ساسانیان و پیروان دین مانوی بر جای مانده است. در دوره نو زبان های ایرانی، دیگر اثری از این زبان در دست نیست. با این همه، گویش های ایرانی نو هر یک به گونه ای دنباله یکی از زبان های ایرانی در دوره میانه و باستانی زبان های ایرانی هستند. پاره ای از زبان های ایرانی دوره نو را می توان دنباله یکی از زبان های ثبت شده دوره میانه دانست. برای نمونه، زبان فارسی دنباله فارسی میانه است و یغنابی دنباله سغدی است. پرسش این است که آیا می توان گویشی ایرانی در دوره نو را دنباله پهلوی اشکانی دانست؟ این پژوهش بر آن است تا با بررسی نوشته های برجای مانده از فرقه حروفیه که در کتاب واژه نامه گرگانی صادق کیا (Kya, 2012) آمده است، پیوندهای زبانی میان پهلوی اشکانی و گویش گرگانی را از دید واژگانی، واجی و نحوی روشن نماید. برای این کار، واژه ها و جمله هایی از پهلوی اشکانی تورفانی و کتیبه ای برگزیده شده و با واژه ها و جمله هایی از گویش گرگانی در نوشته های فرقه حروفیه سنجیده شده است. در پایان، این نتیجه به دست آمد که گویش گرگانی یکی از بازمانده های زبان ایرانی پهلوی اشکانی بوده که تا دوره تیموری یا پس از آن در گرگان رواج داشته و سپس رو به خاموشی رفته است.
Classroom Climate, Academic Self-Concept, Learning Self-regulation, and Academic Identity Status among EFL Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
حوزههای تخصصی:
Practical improvements in students’ overall success can be made if we take into account the contribution of learning environments to learners’ various attributes that would greatly affect their academic selves. This study aimed at scrutinizing the possible associations among Iranian EFL students’ perceived classroom climate, academic self-concept, learning self-regulation, and academic identity status. 420 university students were asked to fill out College and University Classroom Environment Inventory (CUCEI), Academic Self-Concept (ASC) Scale, Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-L), and Academic Identity Status (AIS) Questionnaire. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and based on its several goodness-of-fit criteria, the proposed model of the possible interactions of the main variables was confirmed. Furthermore, classroom climate was correlated positively with subscales of learning self-regulation and academic self-concept and negatively with academic identity status. Besides significant correlations among study variables, the final model also revealed some intra-scales associations. Multiple regression analysis also indicated some significant predictions. The findings could provide classroom instructors and university syllabus designers with implications so that they can plan the EFL environments and class activities taking into consideration students’ various academic characteristics. This involves their status of self-concept, identity, and regulation to help them achieve highly recognized long-term academic objectives.
A Systematic Review of Compliments among Iranian Persian Speakers: Past, Present, and Future Directions(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Compliments (Cs) and compliment responses have been a prevailing topic of study in pragmatics due to their pivotal role in effective intercultural and transcultural interactions. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of research on compliments in the Persian language conducted over almost about the past four decades. It summarizes key findings of compliments in the Persian language used by Iranian speakers of Persian, discusses the significance of these findings, and speculates the future directions of research on complimenting studies on Persian language. An extensive bibliographical search on studies on this particular area yielded a database of nine studies on Persian Cs for this systematic review. After a brief exploration of the background of compliment studies done by prominent scholars in other languages, we provide a working definition of compliments. We then examine studies to date of complimenting behavior in Persian, highlighting similarities and differences, and any emerging trends. We provide a synthesis of the research conducted in this area, the theoretical frameworks, and the methodologies used in different studies, including data collection and data analysis. Based on the review of previous studies, we speculate on some possible directions for future research in this area.
A Mixed-Method Approach on the Role of Self-Constructs in Self-Regulation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The current mixed-method research aimed to investigate the effects of self-constructs on self-regulation. To this end, a number of 127 Iranian EFL learners were chosen randomly as the sample of the study. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were designed. Also, correlation analysis and regression analysis were run on the data. The results of interview data suggested that motivated learners who reported self-regulation tended to display positive visualization of their ideal L2 self and self-efficacy beliefs. Besides, the result of correlation analysis indicated that ideal L2 self had stronger association with self-efficacy beliefs than with self-regulation, suggesting that it is necessary to hold positive beliefs towards language learning in order to visualize oneself as a proficient and successful language user. Of the two self-constructs, self-regulation turned out to be most strongly associated with self-efficacy followed by ideal L2 self indicating that what characterizes self-regulated learners is that their levels of self-efficacy is higher compared to those who are not. Finally, the result of regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy and, to the lesser extent, ideal L2 self were found as direct predictors of self-regulation. It seems unlikely to be a motivated learner without the actual beliefs in ones’ ability and a strong actualization of one’s image as a successful language user.
On the Development of a Tentative Model of a Flipped Classroom Instruction and Its Effect on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ General IELTS Writing(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Flipped learning is an instructional approach that underlines the efficient use of classroom time by shifting the conventional activities of learners and educators in and out of the class. In flipped learning, students' roles as passive listeners change to active participants in classroom activities. The present study was designed to build a model of flipped classroom instruction (FCI) for the general IELTS writing. Additionally, this research intended to examine if there is a meaningful difference between the students’ general IELTS writing scores in the flipped class and those in the conventional class. An FCI model was carefully developed based on the thematic analysis of the previous flipped classroom studies about writing. Then it was operationally explained for a general IELTS writing class. The participants of the study consisted of 100 male and female Iranian EFL learners. Fifty learners were randomly selected to experience FCI and the other fifty learners received conventional classroom instruction. The findings revealed that the learners in the flipped classes, on average, acquired higher scores than the learners in conventional classes.
Promoting Dialogic Talk in a Speaking Classroom: Rethinking Bakhtinian Pedagogy(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۳, No.۲۶, Spring & Summer ۲۰۲۰
160 - 181
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study sought to promote EFL learners' speaking ability drawing on Bakhtin’s notion of dialogic discourse pattern (DDP) and to explore their perceptions towards implementing dialogic teaching (DT) in a speaking classroom. To this end, from the population of students in different language institutes, 47 students were selected based on a purposive sampling method. The data were collected at two step-wise processes adopting a mixed-method approach. First, the researcher directed two EFL teachers to apply the DDP principles in a dialogic (DG) and non-dialogic group (NDG). The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Then, a posttest of speaking was conducted to track the possible improvement. The findings attested that the dialogic talk could promote EFL learners’ speaking ability. Next, DG group was required to complete a written discourse completion task to determine the extent to which incorporating DT could promote learners’ speaking ability. To analyze the data, Thomas's (2006) inductive approach was adopted comprising the dominant themes. The results revealed different themes and sub-themes such as developing self-directed learning skills, disseminating critical literacy practice, fostering language learning, promoting motivation and affective factors, to name but a few. The findings propose some implications for classroom management, materials preparation, and language policy program.
بررسی ساختار جمله پایانی متن های کتاب نهم دینکرد(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
گیلکی: زبانی در معرض خطر(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Interactionist and Interventionist Dynamic Assessment Approaches to Teaching Argumentative Writing: Do Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency Develop?(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۳, No.۲۷, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۰
100 - 128
حوزههای تخصصی:
Complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) are measures of language proficiency in productive skills. This study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-post-test design explored whether Dynamic Assessment (DA) procedures enhances EFL teachers' writing CAF. Three 22-member groups of homogeneous teachers were randomly assigned to one control group (Non-DA), an interactionist DA group (IA-DAG), and an interventionist DA group (IV-DAG). After the nine-session treatment, the study groups took a writing post-test. A one-way ANOVA test showed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group, although no significant differences were found between DA groups. Besides, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups' writing complexity. Considering accuracy, IA-DAG outperformed Non-DAG whereas no significant differences were observed between the experimental groups and between IV-DAG and Non-DAG. Fluency measures showed the superiority of DA groups to the control group. The first conclusion was that DA processes have a decisive role in improving writing skills and the CAF triad. Second, CAF components do not develop in a linear process, and employing DA procedures can be useful for its improvement. The paper has implications for language teachers and SLA researchers.
نقش عوامل صوتی در ایجاد تمایز معنایی بین افعال ماضی ساده و ماضی نقلی فارسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
در این مقاله عوامل صوتی مؤثر در ایجاد تمایز آوایی بین افعال ماضی ساده و ماضی نقلی فارسی را بررسی کردیم. صورت آوایی افعال ماضی ساده و نقلی فارسی در گفتار محاوره ای به لحاظ ساختِ زنجیری کاملاً شبیه یکدیگر است و فقط از نظر محل وقوع تکیه با یکدیگر متفاوتند. در مطالعه ای آزمایشگاهی الگوی توزیع مقادیر پارامترهای صوتی مهمِ نوای گفتار مانند دیرش، شدت انرژی و فرکانس پایه را در صورت آوایی افعال ماضی ساده و نقلی در پیکره ای شامل 24 جمله بررسی کردیم. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد هیچ کدام از پارامترهای انتخاب شده نمی تواند به طور منظم و پایدار الگوی نوایی افعال ماضی ساده و نقلی را از یکدیگر متمایز کند. پس از هنجارسازی مقادیر فرکانس پایه و محاسبه میانگین تغییرات زیروبمی در سطح تمامی داده ها به ازای هر گوینده دریافتیم آنچه اساساً باعث تمایز صوتی صورت آوایی افعال ماضی ساده و نقلی می شود مقادیر محلی قله و دره F0 در سطح هجاهای هدف این افعال است. نتایج تحلیل های آماری با تأیید این واقعیت نشان داد فرکانس پایه محلی (ارتفاع قله) پارامتر صوتی معتبر و باثباتی است که صورت آوایی افعال ماضی ساده و ماضی نقلی را بر روی هر دو محور جانشینی و هم نشینی از یکدیگر متمایز می کند.
Do official curricula reflect critical thinking? The educational objectives of the English literature curricula in Iran in light of Bloom's revised taxonomy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The present study investigated the educational objectives of the English literature curricula at the undergraduate and graduate levels at Iranian universities based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy. Using a detailed checklist based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy and the respective classifications, the educational objectives associated with knowledge ( factual, conceptual, procedural , and metacognitive ) and cognitive ( remember , understand , apply , analyze , evaluate , and create) dimensions were analyzed. The results of the content analysis revealed the dominance of the lower-order thinking skills in the undergraduate curriculum and the prevalence of the higher-order thinking skills in the graduate curriculum. The results showed that the most frequent objective in terms of the knowledge domain was understand in both curricula. Regarding the knowledge dimension, conceptual and procedural knowledge occurred most often at both curricula, confirming that acquiring the knowledge of concepts and the processes safeguards the commended quality for the curriculum designers. Moreover, it was found that the metacognitive-related categories were almost missing from the categories. The results of the cross-tabulation revealed the superiority understand / conceptual in BA and the supremacy of understand/procedural in MA objectives. The findings entail the revisions of the educational objectives to accommodate critical thinking. The findings have pedagogical implications for EFL teachers, the curriculum developers, and policy makers.
Effect of Awareness of Teacher Education Philosophy on EFL Teachers’ Professional Skill: A Post-method Perspectivization(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
Iinternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۸, Issue ۲۹, Spring ۲۰۲۰
91-105
حوزههای تخصصی:
Teacher education philosophy plays an important role in enhancing the teachers’ awareness of the practices particularly in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This study meant to observe the possible effect of the awareness of teacher education philosophy on EFL teachers’ professional skill in the light of Kumaravadivelu’s postmethod parameters, tapping teachers’ gender, academic qualification, teaching experience, and age. Through a mixed-method approach employing the posttest-only equivalent-groups design, 60 EFL teachers from four language institutes in Isfahan, Iran, were randomly appointed to experimental and control groups. The philosophy of adult education inventory for treatment of experimental group and a book for placebo of control group were used. A questionnaire, an interview, and classroom observation checklist were tools for data collection. T-test, ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney tests exposed a significant difference between EFL teachers’ awareness of teacher education philosophy and their professional skill. Female teachers, bachelor holders, the most experienced teachers, and teachers in the third age range showed better perception of the teacher education philosophy. The implications derive education policy-makers to demarcate quality resources, teacher educators to modify training approaches, and EFL teachers to develop their professional related presentations.
The Relationship between Dimensions of Student Engagement and Language Learning Motivation Among Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۸, Issue ۳۱, Summer ۲۰۲۰
43-57
حوزههای تخصصی:
Since second or foreign language learning is a?.m long term endeavor and learners may lose their initial interest and enthusiasm, they need to be kept motivated. Student engagement has been recommended as one approach to sustaining such at risk learners at high levels of motivation. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of student engagement and language learning motivation among Iranian EFL learners. To this end, 117 intermediate EFL learners at the Iran Language Institute (ILI), Gorgan adult male branch, Iran, having been selected as the participants of the study through convenience sampling, were given two questionnaires: Student Engagement Questionnaire (Hart, Stewart, & Jimerson, 2011; Reeve, 2013) and Language Learning Motivation Scale (Noels, Pelletier, Clément, & Vallerand, 2000). The quantitative data gathered through these questionnaires were analyzed by the software package of SPSS, version 24. The results of the correlation tests showed that there were significant relationships between language learning motivation and each dimension of student engagement, with the cognitive engagement having the highest correlation. Further, the results of multiple regression analyses indicated that cognitive engagement was the sole predictor of language learning motivation.
تحلیل و اژه سازی زبان فارسی بر اساس نظریه صرف ساخت بنیاد: شواهدی از کلمات مرکب(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
زبان پژوهی سال دوازدهم پاییز ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۳۶
165 - 186
حوزههای تخصصی:
مقاله حاضر بر آن است تا دلایل و شواهدی، در پیوند با تحلیلِ فرآیندهای واژه سازی در زبان فارسی بر پایه صرفِ ساخت بنیاد (Booij, 2010b) ارائه دهد. در ابتدا، مفاهیمِ ساخت، واژگانِ سلسله مراتبی و الگوی واژه سازی معرفی خواهند شد. بر اساس این رویکرد، به جای قواعد واژه سازی از الگوهای واژه سازی استفاده می شود. سپس، نشان داده می شود که ویژگی های کلی برخی واژه های مرکب- از جمله واژه های مرکب برون مرکز، شاهدی برای تحلیل این گونه واژه ها، به عنوان ساخت و الگوهای واژه سازی هستند. شاهد بعدی، مربوط به زایایی درونه گیری شده و رخ داد همزمان دو یا بیشتر از دو الگوی واژ ه سازی است. در هر دو مورد زایایی یک فرایند واژه سازی وابسته به درونه گیری آن در یک فرایند دیگر است. در این موارد، واژه ها با بهره گیری از تلفیق الگوهای واژ ه سازی تولید می شوند. یافته ها نشان می دهد رویکرد ساخت بنیاد در تحلیل فرایندهای واژه سازی زبان فارسی کارآمد بوده است. این شواهد، می تواند از تحلیل فرایندهای واژه سازی در زبان فارسی بر پایه صرف ساخت بنیاد پشتیبانی کند.