افشین افضلی

Objective: This study investigated the effect of wisdom therapy (general and personal) on academic procrastination among elementary school students. Method: This quasi-experimental study used a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group. The population included 230 female students from Pardis 2 Primary School (grades 4–6) in Songhor Kolyaei city in 2021–2022. Fifty-one students identified as high academic procrastinators (top 25% in delayed homework submission) were randomly selected and assigned to experimental group A (n = 17), experimental group B (n = 17), and a control group (n = 17). Academic procrastination was assessed behaviorally through direct observation and systematic recording of delays in submitting a non-curricular assignment over three stages. The experimental groups received six weekly 60-minute wisdom therapy sessions based on Dr. Kord Noqabi’s Wisdom Therapy (protocol year 2020), focusing on reflective thinking, identifying cognitive distortions, clarifying personal values, and creating action plans. The control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS version 22. Results: Both experimental groups showed a significant reduction in academic procrastination (p < 0.01), with personal wisdom therapy demonstrating a stronger effect than general wisdom therapy (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Wisdom therapy effectively reduces academic procrastination among elementary students. Incorporating wisdom-based strategies into educational programs is recommended to enhance academic responsibility and student performance.

The purpose of this research is meta-analysis of the factors related to the philosophical mindset of students based on the researches published in the last 10 years. The population of this research is all the researches published in scientific journals. The sampling method was based on the Purposive sampling method. In this way, out of the total number of researches, which was 13, 3 of the researches were excluded due to reasons such as incompleteness of statistical information. In fact, studies that reported the necessary information and used correct statistical tests were selected, and studies that did not report the necessary information were excluded. The statistical sample is based on the researches that have been carried out on the factors related to the philosophical mindset of students, and their number is 10 researches (14 factors). In order to select studies suitable for meta-analysis and extract appropriate information, meta-analysis checklists were used. These checklists include researchers' names, research title, year of publication, place of implementation, statistical population and sample size, gender, educational level, research tools, reliability and significance level. CMA3 software was used to analyze the results. According to the research results, the effect size and Z calculated for 12 variables out of 14 variables are significant. Also, the largest effect size is related to t self-direction , creativity ,also the smallest effect size is related to mathematical self-efficacy and problem solving . Also, the effect size for all studies in the fixed and random model is at a high level.